【摘要】 甲醇的物性与汽油、柴油相近，常温、常压下是液体，生产资料丰富，方便储存、运输和加注。绿色甲醇已经被国际航运界公认为低碳和碳中和的燃料，在船舶动力上应用日益增长。中国是具有全球最大甲醇产能以及最大产量的国家，产能和产量都占全球近60%。甲醇生产不仅可用煤炭和天然气做原料，更具有用可再生电力制氢，然后与二氧化碳合成绿色甲醇的能力。中国对甲醇用作替代石油燃料的研发工作由来已久，不仅在工农业领域得到大量应用，而且也大量应用在交通运输领域。自20世纪70年代以来开展的甲醇在内燃机上替代汽油、柴油研究，目前已经在应用技术上取得根本突破。不仅在乘用车、商用车得到规模应用，也在工程机械、内燃机车和中高速船舶动力应用上取得突破，实现甲醇应用技术完全独立自主。该综述简要介绍甲醇的生产、对甲醇毒性的认识、绿色甲醇的发展、甲醇在工农业和交通领域方面的应用概况，重点介绍在车辆、船舶、内燃机车、发电机组的汽油机和柴油机上应用甲醇的技术特点，指出其发展存在问题并展望甲醇应用的未来。更多还原

【Abstract】 Methanol is liquid under ambient temperature and atmosphere, of which is close to gasoline and diesel fuel. It can be produced out by a wide–ranging raw material, such as coal, natural gas, biomass and by carbon dioxide synthetized with hydrogen called the green methanol. The green methanol has been recognized as the fuel with low carbon emission even carbon neutrality, which has been used as marine fuel more and more widely. China is the country with largest productive capacity and production for methanol in global, of which it occupies 60% of global productive capacity and production. China took methanol as fuel to substitute for petroleum oil for many years since 40 years ago. Methanol now has been used as fuel for versatile utility, such as cooking, heat generation for civil and industrial use, furthermore for transportation and constructive machine.The review introduces the methanol production, cognition for methanol toxicity, development of green methanol and practices of methanol in industrial and civil, emphasizes the technical characteristics for utilities in vehicle,marine, locomotive and generation set, and points out the challenges methanol facing with while development as well as its prospect of future development in those fields.更多还原