【摘要】 青藏高原是世界上清洁能源最丰富的地区之一，但由于清洁能源的利用不足，当地仍然以牛粪等传统生物质能源作为居民主要生活能源。文章通过对西藏超高海拔地区（海拔5 000 m以上）风能资源进行试验研究，梳理了风电与当地能源的供应关系，并全面分析了风力发电站的建设和运行对周边草原的噪声影响。结果表明：（1）当地居民对牦牛粪等生物质燃料的依赖程度很高，牦牛粪和其他生物质燃料的长期使用，阻碍了草原生态系统的物质循环和能量流动。（2）风力发电为当地居民提供了可靠的替代能源，试验风电场风力发电每年可为当地8 410户家庭提供6 000多万k W·h的清洁能源。（3）风力机运行期间会对周围600 m范围造成噪声污染。综上，超高海拔风电试验成果有助于推动当地能源绿色转型和维持草原生态平衡，同时也需进一步研究风力机运行对周围生态环境的潜在影响，包括对野生动物迁徙和栖息地的影响，以及对噪声和视觉干扰的管理。更多还原

【Abstract】 The Qinghai-Tibet Plateau is one of the richest regions in terms of clean energy.Due to the underutilization of clean energy,local residents still rely on traditional biomass energy sources,such as cow dung,as their daily energy source.In this paper,an experimental study on the wind energy resources was conducted at ultra-high plateau region(above 5 000 m altitude) in Tibet and sorted out the relationship between wind power and local energy supply,and the noise impact on the surrounding grasslands caused by the construction and operation of wind power stations was analyzed comprehensively as well.The results showed that:(1) The local residents rely heavily on yak dung,and long-term use of yak dung and other fuels may hinder the material cycle and energy flow in the grassland ecosystem.(2) Wind power provides a reliable alternative energy source for local residents.The experimental wind power generationprovides more than 60 million kW·h of clean energy for 8410 households of local residentsannually.(3) During theoperation of the wind turbine,it will cause noise pollution within a range of 600 m around.In summary,the results of the ultra-high altitude wind powerexperiment can help to promote the green transformation of local energy and to maintain the development of grassland ecological balanced,while the potential impacts of wind turbine operation on the surrounding ecosystem need to be further investigation,including the impacts on wildlife migration and their habitat as well as the management of noise and visual interference.更多还原