【摘要】 为探究施氮时期对谷子产量、品质和氮素利用率的影响，2020—2021年连续两年在河南省新乡市，选用5个不同基因型的谷子品种（‘济谷20’、‘中谷5号’、‘冀谷31’、‘豫谷18’和‘豫谷28’）,设置4个施氮（尿素）时期，分别为T₀（不施氮）、T₁（播种期施氮）、T₂（拔节期施氮）、T₃（开花期施氮）,测定谷子的产量和品质性状及氮素利用效率等指标。结果表明：5个不同基因型谷子品种在4个不同施氮时期处理的产量由高到低均表现为T₃>T₂>T₁>T₀;谷子的峰值黏度、热浆黏度和糊化温度由高到低均表现为T₀>T₁>T₂>T₃;脂肪、膳食纤维、氮素利用效率在拔节期施氮（T₂）下最高，显著高于T₀和T₁,但与T₃无显著差异，蛋白质、直链淀粉、灰分、碳水化合物和食味氨基酸含量在开花期施氮（T₃）下最高，显著高于T₀、T₁和T₂,其中‘豫谷28’表现最为突出。相关性分析表明，拔节期施氮（T₂）处理谷子的生物量、单穗重、千粒重与营养和食味品质的相关系数均显著高于播种期（T₁）与开花期（T₃）施氮处理。综上，谷子在拔节期施氮（T₂）和开花期施氮（T₃）处理可以兼顾高产和优质，而且拔节期施氮（T₂）是品质、产量和氮素利用效率兼顾的最佳施氮时期。更多还原

【Abstract】 In order to explore the influence of nitrogen application stage on foxtail millet yield, quality and nitrogen use efficiency, an experiment was consecutively carried out for two years in 2020 and 2021 in Xinxiang City, Henan Province. Five different millet cultivars with different genotypes（‘Jigu 20’, ‘Zhonggu 5’, ‘Jigu 31’, ‘Yugu 18’ and ‘Yugu 28’） were used as tested materials. Four nitrogen fertilizer application stages（urea） were designed as follows: T₀（no nitrogen fertilizer application）, T₁（nitrogen fertilizer application at sowing stage）, T₂（nitrogen fertilizer application at shooting stage） and T₃（nitrogen fertilizer application at flowering stage）. The yield, quality traits and nitrogen use efficiency of foxtail millet were measured. The results showed that: The yield of the five millet cultivars from high to low was T₃>T₂>T₁>T₀ under four different nitrogen fertilizer application stages. The peak viscosity, hot paste viscosity and pasting temperature from high to low was T₀>T₁>T₂>T₃ under four different treatments. Under nitrogen fertilizer application at shooting stage（T₂）, the fat, fiber and nitrogen use efficiency of millet were significantly higher than those of T₀ and T₁, while there were no significant difference compared with T₃. Under nitrogen fertilizer application of shooting stage（T₃）, the protein, amylose, ash, carbohydrate and eating amino acid content were significantly higher than those of T₀, T₁ and T₂. Among them, the performance of ‘Yugu 28’ was the most outstanding. Correlation analysis showed that the correlation coefficients between biomass, spike weight, thousand grain weight and nutrition and eating quality of nitrogen fertilizer application of shooting stage（T₂） were significantly higher than nitrogen fertilizer application at flowering stage（T₃） and sowing stage（T₁）. In summary, the coordination of yield and quality under nitrogen fertilizer application at shooting stage（T₂） and flowering stage（T₃）. The nitrogen fertilizer application at shooting stage（T₂） was the best nitrogen application timing for both taking account of quality, yield and nitrogen use efficiency.更多还原