【摘要】 秸秆是我国主要农业废弃物之一，经资源化处理可生产沼气、有机肥、饲料等，但产品附加值不高。近年来，一种基于碳链延长（chain elongation,CE）的厌氧发酵技术可生产中链脂肪酸（medium-chain fatty acids,MCFAs），显著提高了产品附加值，为秸秆综合利用提供了新思路。秸秆通过生物和热化学转化途径为CE合成MCFAs提供适宜底物，通过工艺调控实现MCFAs定向生产，目前基于生物和热化学转化过程发酵液中的己酸含量约10和2 g·L^-1·d^-1，同步提取可达到57.4 g·L^-1·d^-1。以秸秆高效转化合成MCFAs为视角，分析了其典型转化路径及功能微生物代谢特征，总结了电子供体和电子受体调控特性、影响CE效率的重要因素和强化手段，归纳了可行性应用工艺，并对应用及提高秸秆转化产品附加值提出建议，为实现秸秆高值利用提供技术支撑。更多还原

【Abstract】 Straw is one of the main agricultural wastes in China, which can produce biogas, organic fertilizer, feed and so on by resource treatment, but the added value of products is not high. In recent years, a type of anaerobic fermentation technology based on chain elongation（CE） has been developed that can produce medium-chain fatty acids（MCFAs）, significantly increasing the added value of the product and providing a new idea for the comprehensive utilization of straw. Straw can serve as a suitable substrate for the synthesis of MCFAs through biological and thermochemical transformation, and the directional production of MCFAs can be realized through process regulation. The content of caproic acid in fermentation broth was currently about 10 and 2 g·L^-1·d^-1 based on the process of biological and thermochemical transformation, and the simultaneous extraction could reach 57.4 g·L^-1·d^-1. This study summarized the regulation characteristics of electron donors and electron acceptors, as well as the significant influencing factors and strengthening methods affecting CE efficiency, in order to effectively transform and synthesize MCFAs from straw. It also reviewed the typical transformation path and metabolic characteristics of functional microorganisms. This research could provide a theoretical reference for the next application and improvement of the added value of straw transformation products, and technical support for the realization of high-value utilization of straw.更多还原