【摘要】 [目的]本研究旨在探究铜离子对淡水石首鱼幼鱼毒性效应的机制，完善铜离子对鱼的生态毒理学研究并指导淡水石首鱼的健康养殖。[方法]在（17±1）℃曝气自来水中，采用等间对数法在0.1～1.5 mg·L^-1 Cu²⁺范围内选取5个梯度探究Cu²⁺浓度对淡水石首鱼幼鱼死亡率的影响；选取0.197 mg·L^-1 Cu²⁺进行96 h胁迫试验并取样，测定其过氧化氢酶（CAT）、超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）、谷胱甘肽过氧化酶（GPx）、谷胱甘肽（GSH）、丙氨酸氨基转移酶（ALT）、天门冬氨酸氨基转移酶（AST）、Na⁺-K⁺-ATP酶（Na⁺-K⁺-ATPase）、α-淀粉酶（α-AMS）、脂肪酶（LP）和胃蛋白酶（PP）活性和皮质醇（COR）、丙二醛（MDA）含量及总抗氧化能力（T-AOC）。[结果]Cu²⁺胁迫淡水石首鱼幼鱼96 h死亡概率的回归方程为Y=1.435 5X+0.038 2,（R²=0.827 3）,半致死浓度为0.291 mg·L^-1,安全浓度为0.029 mg·L^-1。Cu²⁺胁迫对CAT、SOD、GPx、GSH、ALT、AST、Na⁺-K⁺-ATPase、α-AMS、LP、PP等酶活性和COR、MDA含量及T-AOC影响显著。在受到Cu²⁺胁迫后SOD、GPx、GSH、Na⁺-K⁺-ATPase、α-AMS、LP、PP活性和COR含量及T-AOC均显著上升，在4 h时达到最大，随后不同程度下降，其中T-AOC和Na⁺-K⁺-ATPase、α-AMS活性在96 h又恢复正常水平。CAT活性在48 h显著高于对照组，96 h又恢复正常。MDA含量及ALT和AST活性受Cu²⁺胁迫后不断升高，MDA含量从4 h开始，ALT和AST活性从12 h开始显著高于对照组，并均在96 h达到最大值。[结论]Cu²⁺对淡水石首鱼幼鱼的危害等级为剧毒，0.197 mg·L^-1Cu²⁺胁迫对肝脏抗氧化酶、鳃Na⁺-K⁺-ATP酶和肠道消化酶活性均产生显著影响，对SOD、GPx、GSH、Na⁺-K⁺-ATPase、α-AMS、PP等酶活性和COR含量及T-AOC起到先促进后抑制作用，对CAT、ALT、AST、LP酶活性和MDA含量起到促进作用。CAT应激响应速度较其他抗氧化酶滞后，SOD是受到Cu²⁺胁迫最敏感的抗氧化酶，可作为鱼类早期Cu²⁺污染的首选指示指标。更多还原

【Abstract】 [Objectives]The purpose of this study was to explore the mechanism of the toxic effect of copper ions on the juvenile Aplodinotus grunniens,improve the ecotoxicological study of copper ions on fish, and guide the healthy breeding of A.grunniens. [Methods]In（17±1） ℃ aerated tap water, five gradients were selected in the concentration range of 0.1-1.5 mg·L^-1 Cu²⁺ by using the equal logarithm method to explore the effect of Cu²⁺ concentration on the mortality of juvenile A.grunniens;0.197 mg·L^-1 Cu²⁺ concentration was selected for 96 h stress test, and samples were taken to determine catalase（CAT）,superoxide dismutase（SOD）,total antioxidant capacity（T-AOC）,glutathione peroxidase（GPx）,glutathione（GSH）,alanine aminotransferase（ALT）,aspartate aminotransferase（AST）,Na⁺-K⁺-ATPase, α-amylase（α-AMS）,lipase（LP）,pepsin（PP）enzyme activities and cortisol（COR）,malondialdehyde（MDA）content. [Results]The regression equation of 96 h death probability of juvenile A.grunniens under Cu²⁺ stress was Y=1.435 5 X+0.038 2,（R²=0.827 3）,the half lethal concentration was 0.291 mg·L^-1,and the safe concentration was 0.029 mg·L^-1. Effects of Cu²⁺ stress on activities of CAT,SOD,GPX,GSH,ALT,AST,Na⁺-K⁺-ATPase, α-AMS,LP,PP and contents of COR,MDA and T-AOC were significantly affected. Activities of SOD,GPX,GSH,Na⁺-K⁺-ATPase, α-AMS,LP,PP and content of COR and T-AOC increased significantly, reached the maximum at 4 h, and then decreased to different degrees, including T-AOC,Na⁺-K⁺-ATPase, α-AMS which returned to normal level at 96 h. CAT activity was significantly higher than that of the control group at 48 h and returned to normal at 96 h. MDA content, ALT and AST activities increased continuously after Cu²⁺ stress, MDA content was significantly higher than that of the control group from 4 h, ALT and AST activity from 12 h, and reached the maximum at 96 h. [Conclusions]The damage level of Cu²⁺ to the juvenile of A.grunniens was highly toxic. 0.197 mg·L^-1 Cu²⁺ concentration stress had a significant effect on the activities of liver antioxidant enzymes, gill Na⁺-K⁺-ATPase and intestinal digestive enzymes, the T-AOC and activities of SOD,GPx, GSH,Na⁺-K⁺-ATPase α-AMS,PP and COR content were induced first and then inhibited, and activities of CAT,ALT,AST,LP and MDA content were induced. The response speed of CAT to stress was slower than that of other antioxidant enzymes. SOD was the most sensitive antioxidant enzyme to Cu²⁺ stress and could be the first indicator target of early Cu²⁺ pollution in fish.更多还原