【摘要】 随着我国“双碳”战略的实施，脱除沼气中副产的CO₂并对其进行充分利用，对于满足我国尤其是农村地区对清洁能源的需求和减少二次温室气体排放均具有重要意义。通过比较和分析多种沼气脱碳技术的优缺点表明，水洗法具有环保、工艺简单、成本较低的优点，但同时仍需解决脱碳效率、CO₂解吸及后续再利用等关键问题。重点介绍了强化水洗脱碳效率及其副产CO₂回收利用方面的进展，阐述了气水两相微混合、微纳米气泡及CO₂吸收水直接利用技术在提升气水传质效率和降低脱碳成本方面的应用潜力。在此基础上，提出了相应的处置策略：通过微混合和微纳米气泡技术增大气液接触面积、促进气液传质，提高脱碳过程效率、降低水耗；结合开发CO₂吸收水的直接利用技术，在规避CO₂解吸再生能耗的同时获取高附加值产品。通过兼顾环境效益与经济效益，推动我国沼气工程的可持续发展。更多还原

【Abstract】 Biogas decarbonization and utilization of CO₂ which produced in the process has great significance to meet China’s demand for clean energy especially in rural areas and reducing secondary greenhouse gas emissions with the implementation of the China’s national strategy of “carbon peak and neutrality”. The advantages and disadvantages of various biogas decarburization technologies were compared and analyzed, which indicated that water scrubbing had the advantages such as environmental protection, simple process and low cost, but decarbonization efficiency, CO₂ desorption and utilization became the critical bottle necks for application. The progress of decarburization efficiency by intensive water scrubbing and by-product CO₂ recovery and utilization was introduced. The application potential of improving mass transfer efficiency and reducing decarbonization cost was discussed in gas-liquid micro mixing technology, micro/nano bubbles and direct utilization of CO₂ absorption water. On this basis, the corresponding disposal strategy was proposed by increasing the contact area of gas-liquid through the micro mixing and micro/nano bubbles technologies, promoting gas-liquid mass transfer, improving the efficiency of decarbonization process, reducing water consumption. Combined with the development of direct utilization technology of CO₂ absorption water and high value-added products by avoiding desorption and regeneration of CO₂ was obtained. By taking into account environmental and economic benefits, the sustainable development of biogas project can be promoted.更多还原