【摘要】 城市滨水区规划是滨水城市建设和未来发展的重要问题之一。基于文献研究，详细梳理纽约市滨水区建设相关政策法规、空间规划和设计指南，分析其规划体系和不同时期社会问题影响下的规划策略。结果表明：纽约市滨水区在规划层面已形成弹性灵活的法规体系、针对性的政策体系、多目标导向的总体及分区规划和自下而上的公众参与制度，建立了总分结合、多方协同、上下衔接的运行体系，在技术层面形成了缓解多方利益冲突、提高滨水区可达性、提升气候适应性的规划策略。纽约滨水区规划体系和规划策略对中国城市滨水区规划建设的政策制订和规划编制等方面具有很好的借鉴意义。更多还原

【Abstract】 With growing pressure emphasizing urban renewal,urban governance modernization, and high-quality urban development,methods to achieve the revitalization and high-level construction of waterfront areas based on urban waterfront planning have become an important issue in construction and future development for many waterfront cities. There are extensive and diversified waterfront areas in New York, with healthy waterways, many biological habitats, prosperous ports, and continuous and vibrant public spaces. These spaces have benefited from the long-term and continuous planning research and government construction promotions. Using literature review methodology, many relevant policies and regulations, spatial plans, and design guidelines issued by New York City for construction of waterfront areas in the last 40 years were explored. In this study, planning strategies with goal-oriented differentiation under the influence of social issues in different periods were discussed by analyzing the evolutionary process and construction logics of planning policies. Results showed that(1)based on changes to policy connotations and important turning points,the renewal and development of New York’s waterfront areas can be divided into three stages: the exploration stage oriented by coordinating benefits for multiple parties and promoting economic development; the development stage focused on improving accessibility of waterfront areas and stimulating vitality of open spaces; and the improvement stage which aims to improve climate adaptability.(2) At the planning level, New York has formed a complete waterfront planning system, which is composed of a flexible legal system, a targeted policy system, and an up-down operational system. The legal system provides relevant references for the formation of the policy system. The targeted policy system serves as the carrier of formulation and implementation to disseminate policy intentions.The multi-objective-oriented overall and zonal planning and the bottomup public participation system have established a well-connected operational system through feedback constraints, which interact with the policy system.(3) At the technical level, waterfront planning in New York is constantly updated according to the natural and social development problems during different construction periods. Planning strategies oriented to different goals have been formed, such as alleviating conflicts of interest among different parties to realize comprehensive revitalization and development of waterfront areas, improving accessibility to waterfront areas and intensifying implementation actions, improving climate adaptability and incorporating it into long-term planning and daily decision-making, and so on. Based on research results, several improvement suggestions were proposed with consideration for waterfront area planning in Chinese cities: 1) with respect to the planning system,the guarantee to planning system was formed by combining rigid control and flexible guidance. A bottom-up public participation system was implemented, and the feedback and decision-making efficiency was improved. This strategy requires dynamic adaptation, continuous adjustment, and perfection of comprehensive planning systems for urban waterfront areas. 2) In terms of planning strategies, a spatial-temporal planning strategy oriented to specific problems was established. It deeply embeds the concept of sustainable development, attaches great importance to temporal climate adaptability and spatial accessibility to waterfront areas in the future, and accelerates the refined management of waterfront construction. To sum up, the waterfront planning system and planning strategies in New York can not only provide references for development of urban waterfronts and landscape environmental planning and construction in waterfront public spaces in China, but they also have great significance for the formulation of policies and planning of many waterfront cities currently undergoing transformation.更多还原