【摘要】 弱势创业者是最需要帮助也最易被忽视的群体之一，其创业行业选择以路径依赖的方式塑造着新创企业的绩效潜力，关系着创业和个体幸福双重质量，是创业与民生领域的交叉课题。研究基于个人—环境匹配理论视角，探索“为了生活”的主动观下弱势创业者的行业选择机制及其作用的边界条件。基于中国劳动力动态调查（China Labor-force Dynamics Survey,CLDS）数据的实证分析发现：弱势创业者倾向于进入低门槛行业创业，其在低门槛行业创业能够感知到更高的经济满意度和生活选择自由度的提升；高层次需求将提升个人需求与环境供应的匹配度，进而增加其进入低门槛行业创业的可能性；而弱势创业者的过度自信所引发的环境要求与个人能力匹配度的感知偏差，将增加其进入高门槛行业创业的可能性。研究结论表明，弱势创业者进入低门槛行业是出于个人—环境匹配且能够实现幸福感提升的理性选择。这挑战了现有文献中弱势创业者因资源匮乏被迫进入低门槛创业的隐含假设以及弱势创业者在低门槛行业创业低绩效、低创新、低增长导致低价值的刻板认知。文章对指导弱势创业者的行业选择，推动实现包容性增长有启示意义。更多还原

【Abstract】 Underdog entrepreneurs are at a competitive disadvantage,requiring immediate assistance,and are frequently overlooked in existing research. Their entrepreneurial industry choice shapes the performance potential of new enterprises in a path dependent way,which is related to the dual quality of entrepreneurship and individual happiness. It is a cross-cutting issue between entrepreneurship and people’s livelihood. From the perspective of person-environment fit theory,this research explores underdog entrepreneurs’ industry selection mechanism and the boundary conditions. The empirical analysis based on the China Labor-force Dynamics Survey data shows that underdog entrepreneurs tend to enter low-threshold industries for entrepreneurship,the high-order needs will increase the possibility of entering a low-threshold industry to start a business,and at the same time,they can perceive higher economic satisfaction and increased freedom of life choices when starting a business in a low-threshold industry. However,the overconfidence of underdog entrepreneurs triggers subjective and objective perception bias of person-environment fit,which will lead them to enter high-threshold industries and bring relatively low entrepreneurial performance and well-being. The conclusions indicate that the entry of underdog entrepreneurs into low-threshold industries is not simply a forced choice to make a living,but a rational choice that can maintain their survival while satisfying their own high-order needs and achieving subjective well-being. Findings challenge the implicit assumptions in the existing literature that underdog entrepreneurs are forced to enter low-threshold industries due to lack of resources,as well as the stereotyped perceptions that underdog entrepreneurship is of low value because of low performance,low innovation,and low growth in low-threshold industries.Our contributions are as follows. First,we contribute to the emerging research topic of underdog entrepreneurship by delving into the unique motivations and potential consequences underlying underdog entrepreneurs’ industry choices,whereas existing research pays little attention to how disadvantaged backgrounds affect entrepreneurs’ industry choices. Second,this paper proposes a new explanation for the low-threshold industry selection phenomenon of underdog entrepreneurs based on the person-environment fit theory,which can accommodate the explanation content of resource constraints affecting industry choice and cover the part that cannot be explained. Third,we discover that high-order needs and overconfidence have a significant impact on underdog entrepreneurs’ industry choices,which adds to our knowledge of the boundary conditions of underdog entrepreneurs’ industry selection. In addition,this work suggests a novel method for measuring overconfidence based on perceived social status bias,which is useful for extending the scope of overconfidence’s application in entrepreneurship research. Fourth,this paper adds to our understanding of how underdog entrepreneurs can contribute to social welfare and inclusive growth. The conclusions also have certain practical enlightenment for supporting underdog entrepreneurs and promoting inclusive growth.更多还原