【摘要】 棉花具有明显的杂种优势，具体表现在产量、纤维品质、抗病虫等性状上。杂交种子生产是棉花杂种优势利用中非常重要的一环。近年来，由于人工杂交制种成本逐年提高，简化、高效、低成本的制种技术已经成为未来杂交棉发展的必然趋势。生产实践表明，利用细胞质雄性不育系不仅能简化制种方法还可以节约劳动力成本，目前已成为作物杂种优势利用领域的研究热点。然而，不育细胞质对棉花形态建成、花药发育、产量形成和纤维发育等均有一定影响，并且存在不利于棉花生长发育的负效应，从而限制了“三系”（不育系、保持系和恢复系）杂交棉的进一步推广利用。为此，综述了细胞质雄性不育对棉花主要性状的影响及其负效应产生的分子基础，并初步探讨了克服棉花不育细胞质负效应的潜在途径，以期为生产上选育和改良棉花细胞质雄性不育恢复系和强优势“三系”杂交种提供新思路。更多还原

【Abstract】 Cotton has obvious heterosis, which is manifested in traits including yield, fiber quality, and resistance to diseases and insects. Hybrid seed production is a very important step in the utilization of cotton heterosis. Recently, as the cost of manual pollination in seed production increases year by year, the simplified, efficient, and low-cost seed production techniques have become an inevitable trend for future hybrid cotton development. The field practice shows that the use of cytoplasmic male sterile lines not only simplify the procedure of seed production but also save labor costs, so it has become a research hotspot in the utilization of crop heterosis. However, the sterile cytoplasm does have certain impacts on cotton morphogenesis, anther development, yield formation, fiber development, and have negative effects on cotton growth and development, thereby limiting the further promotion and utilization of “three-line(male sterile line, maintainer line, and restoring line)” hybrid cotton. In this paper, the effects of male sterile cytoplasm on the main traits of cotton and the molecular basis for its negative effects were systematically reviewed. And the potential ways to overcome the negative effects of male sterile cytoplasm in cotton were preliminarily discussed, which would provide new ideas for breeding and improvement of cotton cytoplasmic male sterile restorer lines and excellent “three-line” hybrids in the future.更多还原