【摘要】 林业经济研究中普遍存在以下问题：推崇工具导向和过程复杂，忽视问题导向和目的先行；寻求“文献+软件”的黑箱分析捷径，躲避面对实际系统的结构与机理剖析难题；以僵化的做习题式的流程，应付多变的研究对象及其环境的复杂性，进而禁锢了学术思想与成果创新。针对这些问题，采用系统工程的思想和方法引导林业经济研究是一剂良方。为此，首先要树立林业经济的系统观，深刻认识林业经济系统的特定属性和运动规律，并将系统科学的一般理论运用于林业经济问题研究，研究林业经济系统特定的目的性、结构性、功能性等系统属性，并构建林业经济系统观的整体模型。在系统结构性方面，研究林业经济系统的集合性、关联性和层次性，并以国家公园生态足迹系统为例研究其传递型层次性，以林业产业系统为例研究其分解型层次性，以林业企业生产系统为例研究其混合型层次性。在系统功能性方面，研究以林业生态经济组合效应为标志的整体性、以“十年树木”的显著滞后性为特征的动态性和作为可持续发展内在驱动力的自组织性等内层功能，以及作为联系森林生态系统和社会经济系统桥梁的开放性、面向森林生态系统的环境适应性和面向社会经济系统的环境适应性等外层功能。在系统目的性方面，利用林业经济系统观的整体模型和反馈机制，研究基于系统功能效果反馈的系统目的分解方法，构建以林业经济绿色发展为总体目的的“功能→目的”分解体系。这些研究成果不仅阐释了林业经济系统观的普遍原理，而且通过多项应用实例为研究各类具体林业经济问题的系统结构与运行机理提供了有益的启示，有助于解决中国林业经济发展中的各种复杂问题。更多还原

【Abstract】 ⑴ Background——The following problems generally exist in the researches of forestry economy at present: advocating tool-oriented research methods and complexity of research processes and ignoring problem-oriented research methods and purpose-first research processes; Seeking the black-box analysis of “literatures + software” and avoiding the actual system structures and mechanism analysis; Coping with the complexity of the changing research objects and its environments with rigid procedures.These practices make academic researches divorced from practical needs and far from the solution of scientific problems, and meanwhile they also imprison the formation of academic ideas and the production of innovation achievements.⑵ Methods——It is a good solution to study forestry economy by using the thoughts and methods of system engineering.First, set up the system view of forestry economy, deeply understand the specific attributes and movement laws of forestry economy system.Then, analyze the problems of forestry economy by using the general theory of system science and the general methods of system analysis, study the specific system attributes of forestry economy system such as its purpose, structure and function, and establish the whole model of the system view of forestry economy.⑶ Results——In the aspect of system structure, the aggregation, relevance and hierarchy of forestry economic system are studied.It studies the transitive hierarchy by taking the ecological footprint systems of national parks as an example, studies the resolving hierarchy by taking the forestry industry systems as an example, and studies the mixed hierarchy by taking the production systems of forestry enterprises as an example.In the aspect of system function, it studies the integrality marked by the combination effect of forestry ecological economy, the dynamics featured by the significant hysteresis effect of “ten years to grow trees”,and the self-organization as the internal driving force of sustainable development.Meanwhile, it also studies the openness as a bridge between forest ecosystems and socio-economic systems, the environmental adaptability towards forest ecosystems and the environmental adaptability towards socio-economic systems.In the aspect of system purpose, by using the whole model and feedback mechanism of forestry economic system, it studies the resolving methods of the system purpose based on the system function effect feedback and establishes the resolving system of “function→purpose” which takes the green development of forestry economy as the overall purpose.⑷ Proposals——Forestry economic system has three kinds of attributes: purpose, structure and function.Among them, the system structure includes three aspects: aggregation, relevance and hierarchy.According to its proximity to the external environment, the system function can be divided into inner function and outer function.The inner function includes integrality, dynamics and self-organization of the system, while the outer function includes openness and environmental adaptability.The research shows that the system purpose of forestry economic system determines the structure and function of the system, and the system function embodies the order and ability of the interaction between the system and the environment, and the effects of this interaction in turn improve the purpose, structure, and function of the system through its organization and self-organization processes.It can be seen that each attribute of forestry economic system interacts with each other and forms a feedback system.It not only explains the general principles of the forestry economic system, but also provides useful enlightenment for the study of the system structures and operation mechanisms of various specific forestry economic problems, which is helpful to solve various complicated problems in the development of China’s forestry economy.更多还原