【摘要】 恩格斯在《反杜林论》中集中表达了平等思想。针对杜林将平等抽象化、普遍化和永恒化的做法，恩格斯从历史唯物主义的视角出发进行了逐一批判，认为杜林的平等观是超现实、超阶级和超历史的，揭示了杜林在平等问题上的资产阶级唯心主义和先验主义实质。恩格斯在系统梳理了五大社会形态中平等观的历史演变后，得出了“平等的观念是历史的产物”这一重要结论，同时指出无产阶级的科学平等观是具体的、历史的和有阶级性的。党的二十大报告关于中国式现代化与共同富裕的系统阐述，深刻反映出平等目标的实现与平等的价值理念对于推进中国特色社会主义事业的重要性。因此，深入研究和认识恩格斯《反杜林论》中所承载的科学社会主义的平等原则，推进马克思主义平等观的中国化、时代化呈现，对于当前以经济高质量发展推进全体人民共同富裕、以中国特色社会主义制度保障和促进社会主义平等、以辩证唯物主义的科学方法正确认识和解决平等问题，具有重要的启示意义。更多还原

【Abstract】 Engels concentrated his ideas on equality in Anti-Dühring. In response to Dühring’s practice of abstracting, universalizing, and eternalizing equality, Engels critiqued these aspects from a historical materialist perspective. He argued that Dühring’s conception of equality was transcendental, classless, and ahistorical, exposing the bourgeois idealism and a priori nature of Dühring’s views on equality. After systematically examining the historical evolution of the concept of equality within the five major social formations, he arrived at the important conclusion that "the concept of equality is a product of history." Simultaneously,he emphasized that the proletariat’s scientific view of equality is concrete, historical, and class-based. The systematic exposition of Chinese modernization and common prosperity in The 20th National Congress of the Communist Party of China reflects the importance of the realization of the goal of equality and the concept of the value of equality for advancing the cause of socialism with Chinese characteristics. Therefore, in-depth study and understanding of the principle of equality of scientific socialism carried in Engels’ Anti-Dühring, and adapting Marxism to the Chinese context and the needs of our times are of great revelation for the current promotion of the common prosperity for everyone with the high-quality development of the economy, ensuring and promoting the equality of socialism with the system of socialism with Chinese characteristics, and correctly recognizing and solving the problem of equality with the scientific method of dialectical materialism.更多还原