【摘要】 性别平等是创业领域研究的重要议题之一。多数已有研究从社会约束或个人偏好的视角，发现男性创业企业家比女性创业企业家取得更好的经济绩效，以及做成的企业规模更大。但鲜有研究将约束和偏好两种视角关联起来，并探讨行业的边界条件。基于地位特征理论，以2008年、2010年和2012年中国私营企业调查数据库4 694个创业者为样本，从约束和偏好关联视角探究创业者性别对企业绩效的作用机制，分析创业者经济社会地位感知、企业成长期望的链式中介作用，以及行业性别平等性的调节作用。研究表明，相对于男性创业企业家而言，女性创业企业家感知到的经济社会地位低，从而降低了使企业成长的期望，进而表现为企业的经济绩效差；行业性别平等性减弱了性别对经济社会地位感知的影响。更多还原

【Abstract】 Gender equality is one of the important topics in the field of entrepreneurship as it relates to the difference between male and female entrepreneurs in starting a venture and making it grow, as well as why such differences exist and how to deal with such problem. Studies have extensively established two distinctive foundations: the constraints-driven and preferences-driven perspectives. The constraints-driven perspective holds that female entrepreneurs perform worse than males because there are obstacles from society and culture that hinder female entrepreneurs from obtaining comparatively advantageous resources which eventually lead to high firm performance. On the other hand, the preferences-driven perspective believes that gender difference exists because men and women vary in preferences in terms of motivation and aspiration for entrepreneurial activity, which is settled from the beginning of one’s life. However, since people could discern a potential linkage between these two perspectives, there are limited studies that manage to connect such perspectives and figure out the relationship between constraint and entrepreneur’s preference. By addressing this question, both sides of scholars would have more explanations for gender differences as constraints-driven scholars may link constraints to various entrepreneur preferences and preference-driven scholars may discover that entrepreneur’s preferences are not innate but closely connected with perceived constraints in society.Drawing on the status characteristic theory, this study aims to elucidate gender differences in firm performance by linking constraint and preference. It proposes that an entrepreneur’s gender will impact one’s firm performance through perceived socioeconomic status and growth aspiration. Here it regards socioeconomic status as a reflection of constraint and growth aspiration as one of the entrepreneur’s preferences. Further, it discusses the moderating effect of industry gender equality(IGE) on the relationship between gender and socioeconomic status. Using 4694 entrepreneurs from China’s private enterprise survey database in 2008, 2010 and 2012 as samples. The results show that relative to male entrepreneurs,female entrepreneurs had lower perceived socioeconomic status, which reduced their growth aspirations, and rendered poor economic performance, and IGE reduced the effect of gender on perceived socioeconomic status. Overall, there is a chain moderated mediating effect between entrepreneur gender and firm performance, with perceived socioeconomic status and growth aspiration as mediators and IGE as a moderator. Future research can further expand on this study in the following areas. Firstly, this study’s overall data is still mixed cross-sectional data, which is less effective than panel data in proving causality. Future research can use longitudinal study design to conduct follow-up surveys of domestic companies to consolidate research conclusions. Secondly, all the questions in this study are self-evaluations by entrepreneurs themself, which may introduce common method biases. Future research can incorporate more psychological measurement scales to reduce measurement errors. Thirdly, future research still needs to broaden the exploration of gender constraints leading to individual preference differences, and consider more Chinese contextual factors, such as work-family conflict and policies supporting female entrepreneurs. Fourthly, future research can focus on discussing the relative advantages of female entrepreneurial leaders in managerial communication, participative decision-making, emotional consensus, and other aspects, providing new perspectives for the study of female entrepreneurship.更多还原