【摘要】 科学数据是重要战略资源.为充分发挥科学基金投入的效益,国家自然科学基金共享航次计划自2022年起试点对大洋区域调查资料进行开放共享.在梳理和分析国内外现状趋势以及问题挑战的基础上,本文总结了共享航次计划数据开放共享的实践成果,并对今后工作提出建议,为我国海洋科学数据管理与开放共享提供参考和借鉴.更多还原

【Abstract】 Marine scientific data have very important use in marine scientific research, engineering construction, resource development, environmental protection, spatial planning, maintenance of rights and interests, national defense security, etc.It is a basic strategic resource in developing China’s ocean affairs, building China into a strong maritime country, and building a marine community with a shared future. Scientific and effective management, as well as proper classification and grading of open sharing, of the marine scientific data can improve the utilization and maximize the effectiveness of the data by avoiding its duplicated use and wastage. A summary of the implementation plan for the “United Nations Decade of Ocean Science for Sustainable Development(2021–2030)”(Ocean Decade) was released in 2020, which clearly states that data and information are the key contributors to the outcomes of the Ocean Decade. It also points out that the digitization,conservation, management, and use of the ocean-related data, information, and knowledge will be the foundation for the success of the Ocean Decade as they expand significantly in volume as well as in spatial and temporal perspectives.However, the special geographical environment of the ocean makes the field investigation costly and data resources valuable. At the same time, some portions of the data are related to the national defense security and maintenance of rights and interests, thus making them highly sensitive. Therefore, the open sharing of the marine scientific data faces many problems and challenges.From the perspective of development, the open sharing of scientific data has become a global consensus. Agencies funding for scientific research related activities are the main operators and promoters of the open sharing of scientific data,while international organizations can gather consensus and maximize the value and effectiveness of scientific data by overcoming political, economic, social and institutional barriers. At present, the developed coastal countries and international organizations have developed significantly in open sharing of marine scientific data, established relevant regulations and systems, and built professional marine data centers to guarantee and promote the open sharing of marine scientific data and provide services to the world with data and information related products. Although China is also actively promoting the open sharing of marine scientific data, there are still many problems, such as the management of distributed data, sharing of low level data, weak willingness of owners to share data, inadequate system for classification and grading of data, differences in standards and specifications of data services, and lack of talent in marine information technology.The National Natural Science Foundation of China(NSFC) Shiptime Sharing Project pilots the open sharing of ocean survey data starting from 2022, which effectively improves the utilization rate and service of the NSFC marine scientific data. It conducts helpful exploration and practice in the system construction, quality management, share content,intellectual property protection, supervision, and management. In order to play further the leading role of NSFC in the national innovation system and to promote the open sharing of marine scientific data with reference to the current development and advanced experience at the international level, this paper puts forward some reflections and suggestions on the open sharing of marine scientific data in China. With the aim of providing recommendations and references to the China’s marine scientific data management and sharing services, and better playing the role of basic resources and innovation engine of marine science data in the implementation of the Marine power and digital China strategy, this paper proposes several aspects, including the improvement and implementation of the institutional system, coordinating the data utilization and security protection, strengthening the quality management of the marine survey data during its whole life cycle, strengthening the construction of scientific data centers, promoting the deep integration of marine and new technologies, and strengthening the international cooperation on marine data.更多还原