【摘要】 中国西南喀斯特地区是我国生态环境最脆弱的地区，该地区在二十世纪九十年代末启动“退耕还林”恢复工程项目以实现退化生态系统的植被恢复与重建。土壤微生物的丰度、群落组成及功能活性变化关系到土壤养分供应和周转情况，是影响植被恢复的关键因子。本数据集依托中国科学院普定喀斯特生态系统观测研究站，以陈旗流域的农田、弃耕地、次生林和灌丛以及天龙山的近顶级植被的常绿落叶阔叶混交林土壤为监测对象，采集5种植被类型下的剖面土壤和天龙山典型树种根际土壤，从调查采样过程、样品分析与数据精度三个方面进行数据质量控制和评估，形成了由8个数据表单组成的1个Excel文件，涵盖2016年5种植被类型下表层至基岩层剖面土壤的参与碳、氮、磷转化的微生物酶活性、氮循环微生物功能基因丰度和氮转化速率、不同类群微生物的活体生物量和残体碳含量及土壤理化性质数据；2018年近顶级植被的常绿落叶阔叶混交林优势树种根际土壤酶活性和理化性质的数据。该数据集对于喀斯特地区土壤养分循环的微生物调控机制认识具有重要参考价值，对于“退耕还林”背景下生态脆弱区土壤养分管理具有重要现实意义。更多还原

【Abstract】 The karst ecosystem in southwest China is the most fragile ecological environment in China. To protect the ecological environment, the project of "Grain to Green Program" was initiated in the late 1990s for the vegetation restoration in this region. Changes in soil microbial abundance, community composition and functional activity are closely linked to soil nutrient supply and turnover, which are the critical factors influencing vegetation restoration processes. Soils were sampled from five different vegetation types at Chenqi catchment and Tianlong Mountain, and rhizosphere soils were sampled from the typical tree species at Tianlong Mountain. Through rigorous data quality control processes(including survey sampling, sample analysis, and data accuracy checks), we obtained a dataset of soil microbial enzyme activities and nitrogen cycling functional genes in different vegetation types from the karst ecosystem. This dataset consisted of one excel file with eight different sheets, which contains the data on soil microbial enzyme activities, nitrogen cycling functional gene abundance and nitrogen transformation rate, microbial living biomass, microbial residue carbon, and soil physicochemical properties along soil profile ranging from the surface to bedrock layer in various vegetation types of 2016. Furthermore, the dataset also includes the enzyme activity and physicochemical properties of the rhizosphere soils from typical tree species in the primary forest in 2018. The dataset serves as valuable reference data for better understanding the microbial regulation mechanism of soil nutrient cycling in karst areas, and it is also of great practical significance for soil nutrient management in ecologically fragile regions under the background of "Grain to Green Program" policy.更多还原