【摘要】 西方哲学中的“实体”思维逐渐被“关系”思维所取代，以应对哲学及科学领域的疑难问题。20世纪初，对“关系”的探索在“语言学转向”之后开始聚焦于语言。文章通过梳理一些代表性观点提出，转向后“关系”思想出现了两种发展路向：罗素基于“外在关系”提出了“关系实在”的本体论思想；维特根斯坦基于“内在关系”提出了“关系”的认识论路向。“结构实在论”从认识论及本体论层面对“实在”问题做出的解释，印证了探讨两种路向的重要意义。而近年来认知科学的新发现证实，语言在表征外部世界关系时存在局限性，这也正是维特根斯坦所要揭示却未言明之处。更多还原

【Abstract】 “Entity” thinking mode has been replaced by “relation” thinking mode in coping with difficulties in philosophy and science. 20th century saw the linguistic turn, and western philosophy began to center on language thereafter. Analysis of the representative views on “relation” reveals two branches of development: Russell’s ontological trend of “relationship reality” based on “external relationship” and Wittgenstein’s epistemological trend of “relation” developed from “internal relation”. The explanation of “reality” by “Structural Realism” from the epistemological and ontological levels confirms the importance of the two approaches. In recent years, new discoveries in cognitive science have confirmed the limitations of language in the representation of “relation”. This discovery confirms deep insight of Wittgenstein’s view on language.更多还原