【摘要】 牙颌发育模式及分子机制是理解牙颌结构功能的前提，也是再生牙颌组织器官的基础。牙发育分为牙胚发育期、牙冠形成期和牙根形成期。在这一过程中，关键基因具有时间空间的序列性表达。牙源性上皮和间充质相互作用以及釉结等特殊细胞群对牙冠形态精细化、个性化调控，发育成牙。在生物应力、信号调控机制下，牙顺利萌出并发挥功能。牙和颌骨同处发育之中，相互独立又相互依存，相互调控共同发育成为一个有机的整体。牙和颌骨均起源于第一鳃弓，牙或颌骨的发育异常通常会导致彼此的发育缺陷。本文评述牙和颌骨发育的过程，首次阐述稳态微环境在牙发育中的作用以及重点关注颌骨发育中以梅克尔软骨为代表的典型结构和特殊的信号调控机制，提出牙颌一体化发育模式，动态解析牙和颌骨一体化发育过程，并期待未来将这些新模式和机制运用于组织再生。更多还原

【Abstract】 Understanding the pattern and molecular mechanisms of tooth, maxilla and mandible development is the prerequisite for studying their regeneration. Tooth development can be divided into three stages: bud-bell stage, tooth crown development stage and tooth root development stage. During these processes, key genes show spatial and temporal expression pattern. Tooth development is a complex process involving interactions between dental epithelium and mesenchyme, precise regulations of enamel knots in cusp patterning, as well as successful eruption into the oral cavity under proper biomechanical stress and signaling transductions. The development of tooth, maxilla and mandible, all of which originate from the first branchial arch, is independent and regulates each other to form a whole during development. Any developmental defects of them will ultimately cause defects to the others. In this paper, we briefly reviewed the development of tooth, maxilla and mandible, proposed that the homeostasis of microenvironment is critical for their development. Moreover, we reviewed the role of Meckel’s cartilage, a special structure and signaling mechanism during mandible development. At last, we proposed an integrated development model of tooth, maxilla and mandible. We also hope that the regeneration of fully functional tooth, maxilla and mandible in human can be achieved based on fundamental knowledge we have gained so far.更多还原