【摘要】 围绕国际一流科学目标，发展顶级探测设备是中国太阳物理位列国际先进行列的立足点。70多年的空间太阳探测历程中，极紫外波段探测发挥了极其重要的作用，极紫外观测设备也几乎成为了太阳探测卫星的必备载荷之一。中国在极紫外探测，尤其是光谱探测方面的基础非常薄弱，导致相关科学研究几乎全部依赖国外数据，从而严重制约了中国太阳物理学科的发展。本文根据太阳极紫外探测的特点，系统分析了国外光谱探测的历史、现状以及未来发展趋势，并归纳了三类主要探测方式，即全日面积分光谱探测、低速光谱成像探测、快速光谱成像探测的当前水平，包括其技术方案及取得的部分科学成果。在此基础上，提出中国太阳极紫外光谱探测“三步走”的发展思路，并对每一步的科学目标、指标需求和候选探测方案提出建议。同时，展望了在太阳极紫外成像探测方面开展创新性尝试的思路。更多还原

【Abstract】 More than 70 years of the space-borne solar exploration clearly shows that Extreme Ultraviolet(EUV) wavelengths are very useful for observations of the solar transition region and corona. Because of this, almost all of the current and future solar space missions have EUV payloads. Unfortunately, China has never sent a solar EUV spectrometer to space so far, which significantly restricts the chance for Chinese solar physicists to have original discoveries and breakthroughs. Now it is the right time to develop our own payloads and contribute to space exploration of solar physics. In the paper, the characteristics of solar irradiance as well as the common optical elements at EUV wavelengths are introduced firstly. The history, current status and future perspectives of solar EUV spectroscopic observations are systematically reviewed, including the instrument designs and major scientific achievements.Three major types of spectroscopic observations are focused on, i.e., full-disk integrated irradiance measurements, low-speed spectroscopic imaging observations with a certain spatial resolution and two-dimensional fast spectroscopic imaging. Then, a three-step development strategy is proposed to start Chinese solar EUV spectroscopic observations in space. The scientific objectives, observational requirements and candidate schemes of each step are discussed. Moreover, a solar EUV imager working at a wavelength that has never been done before is suggested. Once the above explorations are successfully implemented, major advances towards our understanding of many unsolved solar mysteries will be made, including the accurate speed estimation of coronal mass ejections and forecast of their arrival times at the Earth, the origin of solar wind and coronal heating mechanism, as well as the generation mechanism of solar eruptions. It will significantly elevate the level of key technologies involved in ultraviolet space explorations, too.更多还原