【摘要】 虽然麻醉药物被临床广泛使用，但其诱导的意识缺失的神经机制尚未完全被阐明。对麻醉药物本质及作用机制认识的局限，极大地制约了全身麻醉安全、可控的临床应用及新型麻醉药物的研发。由此，文章对双光子钙成像在视觉通路、躯体感觉皮层、嗅觉皮层、听觉皮层以及胶质细胞中的应用及其对不同麻醉条件下啮齿类动物的神经元、神经回路或神经网络等进行监测的研究结果进行综述，发现在初级视觉皮层神经元中γ-氨基丁酸A型(GABAA)受体的活性增强；在躯体感觉皮层中神经元细胞内的钙水平增加，神经元激活增加；在嗅觉皮层中球周细胞(PG)和短轴突细胞(SA)神经元的反应幅度增加，而二尖瓣/簇状(MT)细胞的反应幅度降低；在听觉皮层神经元的自发活动较少，但是对声音刺激的反应就要稳定得多；此外神经胶质效应也可能参与了麻醉药物镇静作用的神经机制。通过综述双光子钙成像在麻醉啮齿动物中的应用，在不同的层次对麻醉诱导的意识缺失的机制进行总结和推测，以期为麻醉诱导意识丧失机制提供参考。更多还原

【Abstract】 Although anesthetic drugs are widely used, the neural mechanisms of their induced loss of consciousness have not been fully elucidated.Limitations in the understanding of the nature and mechanism of action of anesthetic drugs have greatly restricted the safe and controlled clinical application of general anesthesia and the development of novel anesthetic drugs.This paper presents a comprehensive review of the application of two-photon calcium imaging in the visual pathway, somatosensory cortex, olfactory cortex, auditory cortex and glial cells, and summarizes the results of studies that monitor neurons, neural circuits or neural networks in rodents under different anesthetic conditions.It is found that GABAA receptor activity is enhanced in primary visual cortex neurons.In the postcentral gyrus, calcium levels in neurons increase and neuronal activation increases.In the olfactory cortex, the amplitude of the response of pericytes(PG) and short axon cells(SA) neurons increases, while that of Mitral valve/cluster(MT) cells decreases.In the auditory cortex, the neurons have less spontaneous activity, but the response to acoustic stimuli is much more stable.In addition, the glial effect may also be involved in the neural mechanisms of sedation of anesthetic drugs.By reviewing the application of two-photon calcium imaging in anesthetized rodents, the mechanisms of anesthesia-induced loss of consciousness are summarized and speculated at different levels to provide a reference for understanding the mechanisms of anesthesia-induced loss of consciousness.更多还原