【摘要】 实施《2030年可持续发展议程》的时间框架已经过半,不同国家实现可持续发展目标(SDGs)的进展呈现明显差异.国家分类为提高政策效率和促进联合行动奠定了基础.本研究发展了基于SDGs表现的国家分类,进而分析不同类型国家SDGs间相互作用,比较不同类型国家获得的发展援助与实际需求的匹配情况.根据166个国家17项SDGs的表现可以将其划分为从“可持续发展水平最低但环境良好”到“可持续发展水平高但需要气候行动”的五种类型.这些国家类型中没有一种在所有SDG吐均表现出色,也没有一种能够在当前SDGs相互作用下最终实现所有目标.全球可持续发展的前景不容乐观,凸显了所有国家进行可持续转型的重要性和紧迫性,而优先考虑某些SDGs(如SDG 9,产业、创新和基础设施)是在可持续发展水平较低的国家事半功倍的途径.此外,全球发展援助需要与不同国家需求更加匹配,特别是在教育、能源、环境和供水与卫生等领域.研究明确了不同类型国家实现SDGs的关键机遇与挑战,有助于统筹国家层面相关可持续发展政策、促进更有针对性的国际协作,为推进全球SDGs的全面实现提供科学依据.更多还原

【Abstract】 At the mid-point to 2030, progress towards achieving the Sustainable Development Goals(SDGs) varies significantly across countries. While the classification of countries can lay the foundation for improving policy efficiency and promoting joint action, bottom-up, SDG data-driven country classifications have largely remained unexplored. Here, we classified 166 countries based on their performances in the 17 SDGs and further used the classification to analyze SDG interactions and compare development aid distributions. The countries were classified into five groups, ranging from “lowest development with good environment” to “high development needing climate action”. None of them scored highly in all SDGs, and due to trade-offs related to environment and climate SDGs, none of them can achieve all SDGs eventually. To maximize the potential for achieving the SDGs, all countries need to undergo a sustainable transformation, and prioritizing certain SDGs, such as SDG 9(industry, innovation and infrastructure), can help countries with lower sustainable development levels achieve more with less. Furthermore, global development aid should be better aligned with country needs, particularly in areas of education, energy, environment, and water supply and sanitation. By better characterizing different countries, this study reveals the bleak prospects of achieving all SDGs and provides valuable insights into more targeted actions for national sustainable development and global collaboration.更多还原