【摘要】 <正>Human-wildlife interactions shape human cultures,animal communities,and species evolution [1].It can generate a range of positive values,including important habitats for wildlife,recreation,and scientific and ecological values for humans,which are beneficial for wildlife conservation and the promotion of human well-being [2].Nevertheless,human-wildlife interactions are often negative.Conflicts between humans and wildlife have existed ever since humans first colonized the Earth and began sharing its landscapes and resources with wildlife.In particular,more significant conflicts have arisen as growing populations and increased resource demand have led to habitat degradation,which has further triggered the extinction and decline of numerous species,economic losses,and uncountable human deaths [3,4].For example,更多还原