【摘要】 太阳能界面海水淡化无需复杂的基础设施和额外的能源消耗,是一种解决全球淡水危机的有效方法.尽管现在已经开发了许多的太阳能蒸发器,但大多采用了不可持续的合成材料或(且)难以进行精确的微观结构定制,这使得其海水淡化应用的可持续性和性能的进一步提升受到了限制.为了解决这些问题,本文采用了两种天然分子(单宁酸和铁离子),构筑了一种轻质价廉、功能性好的界面海水淡化蒸发器.通过3D打印技术,本研究可以轻松地制备表面具有不同高度锥形阵列结构的蒸发器.该结构可以让照射到蒸发器表面的光发生多重反射,进而增加光吸收,提升光热效率,从而使其海水淡化性能进一步提升,最终在1标准太阳光下实现了1.96 kg m–2h–1的蒸发速率和94.4%的蒸发效率.此外,该蒸发器还具有优异的抗盐性能、重复利用稳定性、抗油污性能及吸附有机染料的能力,可以作为一种绿色、环保、高效的多功能水处理器件.更多还原

【Abstract】 The interfacial solar desalination has been considered a promising method to address the worldwide water crisis without sophisticated infrastructures and additional energy consumption. Although various advanced solar evaporators have been developed, their practical applications are still restricted by the unsustainable materials and the difficulty of precise customization for structure to escort high solarthermal efficiency. To address these issues, we employed two kinds of naturally occurring molecules, tannic acid and iron(III), to construct a low-cost, highly efficient and durable interfacial solar evaporator by three-dimensional(3D) printing. Based on a rational structural design, a robust and 3D-printed evaporator with conical array surface structure was developed, which could promote the light harvesting capacity significantly via the multiple reflections and anti-reflection effects on the surface. By optimizing the height of the conical arrays, the 3D-printed evaporator with tall-cone structure could achieve a high evaporation rate of 1.96 kg m–2h-1under one sun illumination, with a photothermal conversion efficiency of 94.4%. Moreover, this evaporator was also proved to possess excellent desalination performance, recycle stability, anti-salt property, underwater oil resistance, as well as adsorption capacity of organic dye contaminants for multipurpose water purification applications. It was believed that this study could provide a new strategy to fabricate low-cost, structural regulated solar evaporators for alleviating the dilemma of global water scarcity using abundant naturally occurring building blocks.更多还原