【摘要】 以金田棒菜为试验材料，设置4个施氮水平N₀、N₁₅₀、N₂₁₀、N₂₇₀（施氮量分别为0、150、210、270kg/hm²），在川西高原蔬菜种植区进行棒菜田间试验，研究不同施氮水平对棒菜产量以及主要农艺性状的影响。试验结果表明：随着施氮量的增加，棒菜的株高、肉质茎粗、单株质量、鲜叶质量、肉质茎质量和叶片SPAD值均呈增加趋势，棒菜的叶片数、肉质茎长、茎叶比和抽薹率均呈下降趋势；灰色关联度分析和相关性分析表明，施氮量对棒菜生长相关指标的影响程度：鲜叶质量>单株质量>肉质茎粗>肉质茎质量>株高>叶片SPAD值，施氮量对棒菜不同部位氮含量的影响程度：叶柄氮含量>肉质茎氮含量>叶片氮含量；氮素吸收利用相关指标与施氮处理的主成分分析结果发现，N₂₁₀处理的综合得分最高（1.695分），而N₀处理的综合得分最低（-2.526分）。综上，随着施氮量的增加，棒菜的株高、肉质茎粗、单株质量、肉质茎质量和叶片SPAD值等均会升高，而叶片数、肉质茎长、茎叶比和抽薹率等均会下降；过高的施氮量不利于棒菜各部位氮素的积累，易造成资源浪费；综合对比不同施氮量对棒菜主要农艺性状的影响，得出川西高原地区棒菜的最适施氮水平为210 kg/hm²。更多还原

【Abstract】 Four nitrogen application levels were set up with “Jintian Brassica juncea var.crassicaulis（B.juncea）” as the experimental material,namely 0 kg/hm² （N₀）,150 kg/hm² (N₁₅₀),210 kg/hm² (N₂₁₀),and 270 kg/hm² (N₂₇₀).Field experiments were conducted on B.juncea in the vegetable planting area of the Western Sichuan Plateau,and the effect of different nitrogen application levels on yield and main agronomic traits of B.juncea was studied.The results showed that with the increase of nitrogen application levels,the plant height,fleshy stem diameter,individual plant weight,fresh leaf weight,fleshy stem weight and leaf SPAD value of B.juncea all showed an increasing trend,while the number of leaves,fleshy stem length,stem leaf ratio,and bolting rate of B.juncea all showed a decreasing trend.Grey correlation analysis and correlation analysis showed that the degree of influence of nitrogen application on the growth related indicators of B.juncea was as follows:fresh leaf quality>single plant quality>succulent stem diameter>succulent stem quality>plant height>leaf SPAD value.The degree of influence of nitrogen application on nitrogen content in different parts of B.juncea was as follows:nitrogen content in petioles>nitrogen content in fleshy stems>nitrogen content in leaves.Principal component analysis by nitrogen absorption and utilization indicators and nitrogen application treatment revealed that N₂₁₀ had the highest comprehensive score of 1.695.N₀ had the lowest score of -2.526.In summary,an increase in nitrogen application levels will lead to an increase in plant height,fleshy stem diameter,individual plant weight,fresh leaf weight,fleshy stem weight and leaf SPAD value of B.juncea,as well as a decrease in leaf number,fleshy stem length,stem leaf ratio and bolting rate.Excessive nitrogen application is not conducive to the accumulation of nitrogen in various parts of B.juncea,which can easily lead to resource waste.By comprehensively comparing the effects of different nitrogen application levels on the main agronomic traits of B.juncea,the suitable nitrogen application level for B.juncea in the Western Sichuan Plateau is 210 kg/hm².更多还原