【摘要】 以17个甘蓝型冬油菜(Brassica napus L.)品种(系)为试验材料，研究覆膜越冬处理和自然越冬处理的油菜生理特征及产量变化规律。结果表明，自然越冬处理的各品种(系)油菜全部发生不同程度的冻害，品种(系)间冻害指数和越冬率差异显著，苗期SPAD值与冻害指数呈显著负相关。覆膜越冬处理可使油菜越冬期生长温度保持在7℃以上，比自然越冬处理提高5.1～11.6℃,油菜生育期缩短2～6 d。各品种(系)油菜越冬期覆膜增产效果显著，平均产量达3 647.71 kg/hm~2,增产幅度为5.2%～112.1%,主要是通过提高单株角果数，尤其是分枝角果数实现增产。17个油菜品种(系)中，V2的抗寒性仅次于对照V17,产量也较高。此结果为黄淮区域甘蓝型冬油菜高产栽培和抗寒品种选育提供了理论依据。更多还原

【Abstract】 The physiological characteristics and yield changes of rapeseed under plastic film mulching and natural overwintering treatments were studied by using 17 winter rapeseed varieties(lines) as experimental materials. The results showed that all varieties(lines) of rapeseed under natural overwintering treatment experienced varying degrees of frost damage, and there were significant differences in frost damage index and overwintering rate between varieties(lines). The SPAD value during the seedling stage was significantly negatively correlated with the frost damage index. Mulching plastic film during overwintering could maintain the growth temperature of rapeseed above 7 ℃, which was 5.1-11.6 ℃ higher than that of natural overwintering treatment, and the growth period of rapeseed was shortened by 2-6 days. The yield increase of various varieties(lines) of rapeseed under the treatment of plastic film mulching during the overwintering period was significant, with an average yield of 3 647.71 kg/hm~2, and the yield increase ranged from 5.2% to 112.1%. The main approach to increase yield was to increase the number of pods per plant, especially the number of branched pods. Among the 17 rapeseed varieties(lines), the cold resistance of V2 was second only to the control V17, and the yield was also higher. The results provide a theoretical basis for high-yield cultivation and cold resistant varieties breeding of winter rapeseed in Huanghuai region.更多还原