【摘要】 为探究腐蚀作用对空蚀的作用机理，借助符合美国材料与试验协会发布的ASTM G134—95《空化液体射流对固体材料侵蚀的标准试验方法》相关规定的射流空蚀实验台，从累计质量损失、表面形貌、表面粗糙度等方面，对被不同质量分数氯化钠溶液腐蚀的304奥氏体不锈钢试样的空蚀特征进行综合分析.分析结果表明：304不锈钢试样的腐蚀程度随NaCl溶液质量分数的升高，呈现先变弱、后增强的趋势；一定质量分数的NaCl溶液腐蚀作用对空蚀有延缓作用，其延缓程度随着NaCl溶液质量分数的增加呈先增大、后减小的趋势，并在NaCl溶液质量分数为3.5%时空蚀程度达到极小值；随着NaCl溶液质量分数的增加，在腐蚀时间和射流空蚀时间均相同时，304不锈钢试样塑性变形加剧，孪晶层厚度逐渐增加，其累计质量损失和表面粗糙度均呈现先减小、后增大的趋势；与直接空蚀的试样相比，被腐蚀后、再发生空蚀的试样被破坏程度较小，试样表面粗糙度也较小；由于受到空蚀作用，晶粒发生择优取向和细化现象.更多还原

【Abstract】 To explore the effect of corrosion on cavitation erosion, the experiment was performed on corrosion and cavitation erosion of 304 stainless steel samples. Different concentrations of sodium chloride solution were adopted for corrosion. The experiments of cavitation erosion were conducted based on the waterjet cavitation test bench conforming to ASTM G134—95 of standard test method for erosion of solid materials by a cavitating liquid jet. The cavitation erosion characteristics of the 304 austenitic stainless steel samples were comprehensively analyzed according to cumulative mass loss, surface morphology and surface roughness. The analysis results show that the corrosion degree of 304 stainless steel is weakened first with latter strengthening by increasing the concentration of NaCl solution. The corrosion of NaCl solution contributes to the delay of cavitation erosion in a certain concentration, and the delaying effect is enhanced first with latter mitigating with the increasing of NaCl solution concentration. The minimum cavitation erosion is obtained at the concentration of NaCl solution of 3.5%. For the same corrosion time and cavitation erosion time, the plastic deformation is strengthened, and the thickness of twin layer of tested samples is gradually increased with the increasing of NaCl solution concentration, while the cumulative mass loss and the surface roughness are decreased first with latter increasing during the process. Compared to the sample undergoing cavitation erosion, the sample suffering from corrosion and cavitation erosion is featured by relatively slight cavitation erosion and smooth surface. Due to the cavitation erosion, the grains are preferentially oriented and refined.更多还原