【摘要】 增材制造(3D打印)技术的快速发展促进了复杂几何结构在航空航天、辅助医疗、交通运输等工业生产中的应用.在自然界中广泛存在并具有优异物理性能的几何微结构可以通过3D打印的方式进行制备.如何设计几何微结构以达到特定物理性能目标的问题已成为计算机辅助设计、计算机辅助工程、机械工程与材料科学学科交叉的一项研究热点.本文对近年来面向单材料3D打印的几何微结构设计工作进行综述,系统地梳理了几何微结构的主要设计方法.首先,本文从几何约束和物理目标两个角度介绍了几何微结构的设计要求;随后将几何微结构单元的设计方法从优化方法、参数化方法和过程式方法三个类型分别进行了详细阐述与分析;此外,本文也对几何微结构单元在给定形状空间内的合成方法进行了总结.最后,本文对目前几何微结构设计研究中待解决的问题进行了讨论,并展望了可能的发展方向.更多还原

【Abstract】 Living creatures interact with the natural environment in the long process of evolution and have high adaptability to the environment.Through natural selection,various microstructures with complex shapes and excellent properties have been formed.These microstructures have a series of unique physical properties.In recent years,microstructures have also received increasing attention in industrial manufacturing,tissue engineering,and biomedicine.Inspired by microstructures in nature,bionics is based on the principles of engineering mechanics to simulate and optimize the geometrical expression,structural combination,and physical properties of objects’ microstructures.The shape of microstructures fabricated based on traditional manufacturing methods is relatively simple,but the emergence of additive manufacturing(also known as 3D printing) has broken this limitation.The rapid development of additive manufacturing technology has promoted the application of complex geometric structures in industrial production such as aerospace,auxiliary medical care,and transportation.Geometric microstructures that are widespread in nature and have excellent physical properties can be prepared by 3D printing.The geometric microstrueture specifically refers to a geometric structure with a very small size relative to the model as a whole.Its shape can usually be defined in a small and regular geometric space with periodic boundary conditions,such that a given model can be filled with periodic paving.Designing geometric microstructures to achieve specific physical performance goals has become a research topic in the intersection of computer-aided design,computer-aided engineering,mechanical engineering,and material science.In this paper,the ge ometric structure design method conce rned in computer graphics is the core,and the different design and optimization methods of microstructure are listed and analyzed.First,this article introduces the design requirements of geometric microstructures from the perspectives of geometric constraints and physical goals;then,the design methods of geometric microstructure units are described in detail from the three types of optimization methods,parameterization methods,and procedural methods.In addition,this article also summarizes the synthesis methods of geometric microstructure units in a given shape space.Finally,this article discusses the problems to be solved in the current research on geometric microstructure design and the possible development direction.更多还原