【摘要】 反应堆中,结构材料需要经受高温、高剂量辐照等极端条件的考验,其性能表现极大程度地影响着反应堆运行的安全性与经济性.因此,为了促进先进核能系统的发展,我们急需研发具有更强性能的先进核能结构材料.近年来,两类材料(MAX相材料以及纳米晶结构钢)受到了核能材料领域的广泛关注,二者具有独特的微观结构以及宏观性能,因此也被视为核能系统中的候选结构材料.本文回顾了辐照条件下两种材料在实验和理论研究方面的最新进展,重点阐述了辐照引起的二者结构演化机理;元素种类和结构因素对MAX相抗辐照性能的影响;以及新型结构材料抗辐照损伤策略等.通过本文的系统梳理,我们将帮助读者深入得认识、理解核能结构材料的辐照效应.更多还原

【Abstract】 Structural materials are important to the safe and economical operation of nuclear reactors, where materials are subjected to harsh conditions such as high temperatures and irradiation. The development of advanced nuclear energy systems requires the use of novel structural materials with better irradiation-tolerance properties. Recently, two kinds of materials,nanocrystalline steels and MAX phases, have attracted attention due to their unique structures and properties, making them potential candidates in nuclear energy systems. This paper reviews recent advances in experimental and theoretical studies on the irradiation behavior of nanocrystalline steels and MAX phases, including the mechanism of irradiationinduced structural evolution, the effects of elemental species and structural factors on MAX phase irradiation resistance,and the strategies of new MAX phase materials against irradiation damage. We develop a comprehensive list of novel structural materials under harsh conditions based on this review.更多还原