【摘要】 光周期变化是反应季节转换的最佳线索。机体内的生物钟系统响应光照信号，介导下丘脑-垂体-性腺轴(繁殖轴),调控动物季节性繁殖活动。褪黑素(MLT)在调控哺乳动物季节性繁殖过程中发挥着核心作用，通过调节相关神经递质影响促性腺激素释放激素神经元活动，继而作用于繁殖轴调控动物季节性繁殖。而MLT介导光照调控禽类繁殖活动的观点存有争议；随着研究的深入，确定促性腺激素抑制素可介导MLT影响禽类季节性繁殖活动，而其他通路是否受MLT调控需进一步研究确定。本文分别梳理不同类别脊椎动物的繁殖通路，以便针对性理解哺乳动物或禽类的季节性繁殖机制，总结人工光照在畜禽生产中的应用现状，为在畜禽生产中科学应用光照提供参考。更多还原

【Abstract】 The photoperiod change is the best clue to reflect the transition between seasons. The biological clock system in the body responds to light signals, mediates the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonad axis(reproductive axis), and regulates the seasonal reproductive activities of animals. Melatonin(MLT) plays a central role in regulating the seasonal reproduction of mammals, it affects the activity of gonadotropin releasing hormone neurons by regulating related neurotransmitters, and then acts on the reproduction axis to regulate the seasonal reproduction of animals. The view that MLT mediates light to regulate the reproductive activities of poultry is controversial; with the thorough research, it is determined that gonadotropin can mediate MLT to affect the seasonal reproductive activities of poultry, and whether other pathways are regulated by MLT needs further research to determine. This article sorts out the reproduction pathways of different types of vertebrates, in order to understand the seasonal reproduction mechanism of mammals or birds and summarize the application status of artificial lighting in livestock and poultry production, so as to provide reference for the scientific application of light in livestock and poultry production.更多还原