【摘要】 针对智能超表面(RIS)的硬件结构，从单元设计和原型机系统两方面综述了RIS的设计工作．首先从固定单元结构的超表面追溯了RIS的发展起源，并从可调节的角度深入剖析了现有RIS的单元结构种类和设计思路；其次基于物理信息和统计信息对了RIS辅助通信的信道建模研究进行分类和梳理；然后从原型机的设计特点和系统功能两个方面介绍了目前主要的RIS实验系统和相关实验结果；此外，提出了设计的RIS原型机，并进行了多跳RIS的信号增益，图像成像以及实际室内信号覆盖测试实验．实验结果表明：RIS可以有效减小信号覆盖盲区和辅助无线电波成像，经RIS辅助增强，室内平均信号增益达到8 d B以上．更多还原

【Abstract】 The hardware structure of reconfigurable intelligent surfaces(RIS) was addressed and a comprehensive overview of RIS design was presented from two perspectives:unit design and prototype system. To begin,the developmental origins of RIS was retraced,stemming from static cell-structured hypersurfaces. A thorough analysis was undertaken from the vantage point of adjustability,elucidating the diverse types of unit structures and philosophies that underpin existing RIS frameworks were designed.Subsequently,channel modeling research for RIS-assisted wireless communication was classifiesd and consolidated,leveraging both physical insights and statistical information. Furthermore,an exposition of the prevailing RIS experimental systems and their associated empirical findings were offered,delving into their prototype design attributes and system functionalities. Moreover,a proprietary RIS prototype was introduced. The prototype undergoes empirical assessment,encompassing multi-hop RIS signal amplification,image reconstruction,and real-world indoor signal coverage experiments. The empirical findings substantiate the ability of RIS to effectively mitigate signal coverage blind spots and facilitate radio wave imaging. With RIS-enhanced augmentation,the average indoor signal gain surpasses 8 d B.更多还原