【摘要】 所有脊椎动物生殖均受下丘脑-垂体-性腺轴的调控,多种下丘脑神经肽参与了生殖调控过程。大多数神经肽具有促进生殖的功能,例如促性腺激素释放激素(gonadotropin-releasinghormone,GnRH)、神经激肽B (neurokinin B, NKB)、神经肽Y (neuropeptide Y, NPY)、神经分泌素(secretoneurin, SN)、刺鼠相关蛋白(agouti-related peptide, AgRP)、甘丙肽(galanin, GAL)和吻素(kisspeptin, Kiss)。Spexin (SPX)是一种新型下丘脑神经肽,属于SPX/GAL/Kiss家族成员。SPX的成熟肽由14个氨基酸组成,该氨基酸序列在不同物种间高度保守。SPX可以激活GAL受体2和3 (GALR2/3)参与生殖、摄食等多种生理过程。本文围绕鱼类SPX基因鉴定、进化分析、组织分布、表达调控、生理功能以及信号转导机制等方面,简要总结鱼类SPX及其受体的研究进展,以期为后续深入研究提供参考。更多还原

【Abstract】 Reproduction is regulated by the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis in all vertebrates, and a plethora of neuropeptides are involved in the control of reproduction. Most are stimulatory neuropeptides, such as gonadotropin-releasing hormone, neurokinin B, neuropeptide Y, secretoneurin, agouti-related peptide, galanin(GAL), and kisspeptin(Kiss). Spexin(SPX) is a novel hypothalamic neuropeptide and a member of the SPX/Gal/Kiss family.The mature SPX peptide contains 14 amino acids in a highly conserved sequence. SPX is involved in various physiological processes, such as reproduction and feeding, among others, through GAL receptors 2 and 3(GALR2/3). This review briefly summarizes research progress on SPX and its receptors in fish, focusing on gene identification, evolutionary analysis, tissue distribution, expression regulation, physiological function, and signal transduction mechanisms to provide a reference for subsequent in-depth research.更多还原