【摘要】 河口海岸是人类生存的重要空间和经济发展的关键区域。然而，在气候变化和人类活动的双重压力下，河口海岸面临环境恶化、湿地生态受损和灾害风险增加等多重问题。为保障河口海岸可持续发展，本文以数字孪生概念为基础，结合河口海岸多圈层多界面的系统特征，提出了一个综合河口海岸立体监测和数据聚融、多过程耦合模型系统、数字孪生体和智能服务平台等关键要素的河口海岸数字孪生系统。此外，本文还详细介绍了构建河口海岸数字孪生系统所需的核心技术，涵盖监测物联网、模型耦合、大数据管理和智能分析，以及知识图谱等。尽管面临多学科全要素综合监测、人地海耦合模拟、跨领域跨行业协同、信息安全保障和服务标准制定等多重挑战，河口海岸数字孪生具有逼近真实、系统关联和提供智能服务等特点，能够提供监测、预报、预警、预演和预案等智能服务。这将有助于提高我们对河口海岸复杂系统演变、预测和应对的研究和应用能力，推动河口海岸学科群的发展，提升风险管理和综合治理水平，为河口海岸可持续发展提供强有力的支持。更多还原

【Abstract】 The estuarine and coastal areas are crucial regions for human habitation and economic development. However, under the pressures of climate change and human activities, risks such as environmental pollution, ecological degradation, and compound disasters in these areas are increasing. To support the sustainable development of coastal areas, this paper is based on the concept of digital twinning. It combines the systemic characteristics of multi-layers and multi-interfaces in coastal areas to propose a comprehensive coastal digital twin system with key elements including three-dimensional observation and data fusion, multi-process coupled modeling, digital twinning, and intelligent application services. Additionally, this paper elaborates on the core technologies required for building the coastal digital twin system, encompassing observation Internet of Things(IoT), coupled modeling, big data management, intelligent analysis, and knowledge graphs, among others. Despite facing multiple challenges such as multi-disciplinary comprehensive observations, coupled human-earth simulations, multi-disciplinary collaboration, information security assurance, and service standard formulation, coastal digital twinning exhibits features like approximating reality, establishing systemic connections, and providing intelligent services. It can offer services including monitoring, forecasting, early warning, scenario simulation, and emergency response. This will contribute to enhancing our research and application capabilities in understanding the complex evolution, prediction, and mitigation of coastal systems. It will also drive the progress of coastal science disciplines, improve coastal risk management and comprehensive governance, meet national needs related to disaster prevention, reduction, and ecological environmental protection, and provide robust support for the sustainable development of coastal areas.更多还原