【摘要】 目的 分析低浓度暴露地区福州市城区大气PM_2.5及金属组分污染特征并进行健康风险评估。方法 2016年4月16日至2021年12月17日，选取福州市城区2个PM_2.5监测点进行每月定期采样，用电感耦合等离子体质谱法（ICP-MS）测定PM_2.5中的锑（Sb）、铝（Al）、砷（As）、铍（Be）、镉（Cd）、铬（Cr）、汞（Hg）、铅（Pb）、锰（Mn）、镍（Ni）、硒（Se）、铊（Tl）等12种元素浓度，按美国环保局（USEPA）推荐的吸入风险评估法进行PM_2.5中金属组分致癌性和非致癌性风险评估。结果 福州市城区PM_2.5日均浓度为38.50±17.88μg/m³,达标率79.9%（385/482）;PM_2.5中12种元素平均水平从高到低为：Al>Pb>Mn>Cr>As>Ni>Se>Sb>Cd>Tl>Hg>Be,居前3位的Al、Pb、Mn占金属组分的95.1%,除Cr浓度超过国家环境大气质量标准111倍外，As达标率98.5%（475份）,其它金属均达标；对Cr、As、Ni、Cd、Be致癌风险评价显示，福州市城区中成人群体致癌风险（ILCR值）为3.02×10^-5,儿童群体为1.35×10^-5,均有潜在致癌风险，风险大小依次为Cr>As>Cd>Ni>Be,成人人群中Cr、As的ILCR值分别为2.31×10^-5、6.04×10^-6,其中ILCR值≥1.0×10^-6的占比分别为100.0%、73.4%;儿童人群中分别为1.03×10^-5、2.70×10^-6,其中ILCR值≥1.0×10^-6的占比分别为62.9%、20.5%;非致癌风险评价中，除了儿童时期Mn的HQ>1外，其它金属HQ均≤1。结论 福州市城区PM_2.5及金属组分污染较轻；PM_2.5中金属组分可增加福州市城区人群潜在致癌风险，其中Cr、As危害较大。更多还原

【Abstract】 Objective To analyze the pollution characteristics of atmospheric PM_2.5 and metal components in urban areas of Fuzhou City（indicate as low concentration exposure areas）,and to perform a health risk assessment. Methods From April 16,2016,to December 17,2021,two PM_2.5 monitoring sites in urban areas of Fuzhou City were selected for regular monthly sampling. Inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry（ICP-MS） was used to determine concentrations of 12 elements including antimony（Sb）,aluminum（Al）,arsenic（As）,beryllium（Be）,cadmium（Cd）,chromium（Cr）,mercury（Hg）,lead（Pb）,manganese（Mn）,nickel（Ni）,selenium（Se）,and thallium（Tl）. Carcinogenic and non-carcinogenic risk assessment of metal components in PM_2.5 was conducted according to the inhalation risk assessment method recommended by the United States Environmental Protection Agency（USEPA）. Results The daily average PM_2.5 concentration in Fuzhou City was 38.50±17.88 μg/m³,with a compliance rate of 79.9%（385/482）. The average levels of 12 elements in PM_2.5 ,from highest to lowest, were Al>Pb>Mn>Cr>As>Ni>Se>Sb>Cd>Tl>Hg>Be, with the top three elements of Al, Pb, and Mn accounting for 95.1% of the metal components. Except for Cr, whose concentration exceeded 111 times higher than the national ambient air quality standard, and As, whose compliance rate was 98.5%（475 samples）,all other metals met the standard. Carcinogenic risk evaluation of Cr, As, Ni, Cd, and Be showed that the carcinogenic risk（ILCR value） was 3.02×10^-5 for the adult population and 1.35×10^-5 for the child population in the urban area of Fuzhou City. The order of carcinogenic risk from highest to lowest was Cr > As > Cd > Ni > Be. In the adult population, the ILCR values of Cr and As were 2.31×10^-5 and 6.04×10^-6,of which 100.0% and 73.4% had ILCR values ≥1.0×10^-6,respectively. In the child population, the ILCR values of Cr and As were 1.03×10^-5 and 1.03×10^-5,of which 62.9% and 20.5% had ILCR values ≥1.0×10^-6,respectively.In the evaluation of non-carcinogenic risk based on hazard quotient（HQ）,all metal HQ were ≤ 1,except for Mn（HQ >1） in childhood. Conclusion PM_2.5 and metal pollution in the urban area of Fuzhou City were light. Metals in PM_2.5 can increase the potential cancer risk for people in urban areas of Fuzhou City, with Cr and As being more harmful.更多还原