【摘要】 以三种脂肪酸、N,N-二甲基丙二胺及氯乙酸钠为原料，通过一锅法合成了三种烷基酰胺丙基甜菜碱。在脂肪酸与N,N-二甲基丙二胺的酰胺化反应过程中，最佳反应温度为160℃,优化反应时间为9 h条件下，脂肪酸反应转化率>95%。进一步加入氯乙酸钠进行季铵化反应，优化反应温度为70℃,反应时间为4 h。在上述反应条件下，通过一锅法合成了月桂酸基、油酸基和芥酸基三种甜菜碱表面活性剂，收率>80%。三种甜菜碱均具有良好的表面活性，随烷基链增长，临界胶束浓度降低。此外，三种表面活性剂的临界胶束浓度受Na⁺、Ca²⁺和Mg²⁺影响较小，表现出优异的抗离子能力。更多还原

【Abstract】 Three alkylamidopropyl betaine surfactants were obtained through one-pot synthesis with three fatty acid, N,N-dimethyl propylenediamine and sodium chloroacetate as raw materials. In the amidation reaction between fatty acid and N,N-dimethyl propylenediamine, the optimized reaction temperature and time were 160 ℃ and 9 h, respectively. Under this condition, the conversion of the fatty acids was above 95%. Sodium chloroacetate was then added for quaternization reaction, and the optimized reaction temperature and time were 70 ℃ and 4 h, respectively. Three alkylamidopropyl betaine surfactants based on lauric acid, oleic acid and erucic acid were synthesized under given conditions. The overall yield of betaine surfactants in one-pot synthesis was above 80%. These betaine surfactants demonstrated good surface activity. The critical micelle concentration（CMC） decreased with the increase in alkyl chain length. In addition, these betaine surfactants showed excellent resistance to cations, as their CMCs demonstrated minor change with the presence of Na⁺, Ca²⁺ and Mg²⁺.更多还原