【摘要】 为实现雷达远距离动目标实时跟踪探测，单脉冲线性调频脉冲压缩算法和V型啁啾调频脉冲压缩算法为快速获得运动目标的距离速度信息提供算法基础。结合脉冲压缩算法优势以及两种波形脉压算法的弊端，利用V型啁啾调频脉冲发射波形，提出采用三角调频滤波处理方法，以解决目标的距离、径向速度值及速度方向信息同时获取的难题，为单脉冲实现速度矢量信息的隐蔽探测提供解决方案。通过搭建脉冲激光相干测量实验平台，在接收镜头后连接17.618 km延迟光纤以延长目标往返距离，对转速从-3.67～3.67 m/s的转盘进行速度距离测量。在40 MHz调制带宽，4.096μs调制脉宽，2.5 GS/s采样率条件下成功实现单脉冲距离速度多维信息获取，并对测速准确性进行评估，距离测量精度达到0.33 m，速度测量精度为0.061 m/s。更多还原

【Abstract】 Objective Lidar technology offers significant advantages in speed measurement, particularly due to its shortwavelength characteristics. Recent advancements have raised the bar for lidar, demanding higher laser ranging resolution and extended detectable distances. This has led to challenges in designing laser emission waveforms.To address this, frequency modulation(FM) signal modulation is applied to laser pulses, enhancing the capabilities of pulsed laser coherent radar for long-distance, high-precision speed and ranging measurements,especially for maneuvering targets. However, a challenge arises with the single-chirp FM signal of a moving target, where velocity-distance coupling issues can result in ranging errors due to Doppler mismatch. The existing dual-chirp matched filter method faces limitations in distinguishing the radial velocity direction. In response, a proposed solution involves the use of a dual-chirp V-shaped FM triangle filter. This innovative filter, coupled with a sophisticated data processing method, facilitates the measurement of single-pulse speed direction, value,and target distance, overcoming the limitations posed by conventional approaches.Methods The introduction highlights the limitations of both the single-chirp FM and double-chirp V-type FM matched filter methods in speed measurement. Theoretical calculations are then performed using the double-chirp V-type FM triangular filtering method to establish the relationship between speed and the filtered double peak value. The measurable speed value range is determined, considering the performance of existing devices, and a feasible waveform is designed accordingly. To validate the proposed approach, a laser coherence experimental platform is employed, utilizing a 1.55 μm laser for turntable speed measurement. The system incorporates a duallens structure for transmitting and receiving, with a 17.618 km delay fiber simulating long-distance targets to assess the impact of the system’s components on actual ranging. The measurement effects of the double-chirped V-type matched filter and double-chirped triangular filter are then compared. Finally, the study includes the measurement of rotating disks with varying speeds of optical fibers, from which relevant data are obtained.Precision and accuracy analyses are conducted to evaluate the effectiveness of the proposed double-chirp V-type FM triangular filtering method(Tab.1 and Tab.2) for speed measurement. The results are presented in figures(Fig.6 and Fig.7) to illustrate precision and accuracy aspects.Results and Discussions Using the coherent laser measurement experiment platform, actual sampling data with17.618 km time-delay optical fibers are analyzed. The dual-chirp V-shaped FM matched filtering scheme is compared and verified, demonstrating its advantages in radial velocity direction measurement. The results of distance measurements with multiple pulses are illustrated in Fig.6(a), showcasing a precision of 0.33 m. In the wheel speed range from-0.91 m/s to-3.67 m/s with a 0.92 m/s step, the speed measurement precision ranges are0.055 m/s, 0.061 m/s, 0.058 m/s, and 0.045 m/s(Fig.6(b)). Concurrently, the speed measurement results are fitted with the set values in Fig.6(c), achieving fitting coefficients of 0.997 1. The accuracy of speed measurement is effectively verified.Conclusions The single-pulse double-chirp V-type frequency modulation waveform is designed to meet the requirements of extending the farthest detection distance, improving distance resolution, and achieving highprecision radial velocity measurement. The triangular filtering method employed in this waveform enables the measurement of target distance, velocity value, and velocity direction. This approach accurately reflects changes in the target’s movement, providing a valuable reference for determining the motion vector of a three-beam target.The application prospects for this methodology are promising, particularly in fields such as ship navigation trajectory measurement, unmanned aerial vehicle flight measurement, airborne measurement, and other related domains.更多还原