【摘要】 人类的探索欲望及数千年来的不断积累促成了20世纪60年代的四大天文发现，而大气层对天文观测的一些根本性限制促使人们在20世纪冲出地球进入太空。在宽广的波段进行天文观测有着极为苛刻的要求，新猜想和模型的提出也要求进行新的验证，这些都促进了观测设备及器件的性能趋于极致。本文旨在对此进行简要的回顾分析并列举一些典型实例，侧重考察其探测波段、主镜或天线的口径、探测仪器及所用器件的类型和性能等，以便进行纵向和横向的比较，温故而思新。更多还原

【Abstract】 The explore desires of human being and the accumulations of thousands year causes four major astronomical discoveries in 1960s; whereas some fundamental limitations of our atmosphere on astronomical observation impel us rush out of earth into space. The astronomical observation in such wide of bands arises very critical requirements, new conjectures and models needs new test and verify; all this promote the performance of instruments and devices towards perfection. This article aims to review and analysis the evolution briefly in conjunction with some typical examples, especially their detection bands, diameter of the primary mirror or antenna, types of detection instruments and devices as well as related performances. The purpose is for carry on longitudinal and lateral comparisons easier, and gain new ideas by reviewing old.更多还原