【摘要】 为探究海水养殖条件下中华鲟（Acipenser sinensis）后备亲本的生理状况，对海水养殖5年的13尾中华鲟后备亲本的28项血液生化指标进行了测定。结果表明：中华鲟血液谷丙转氨酶（alanine aminotransferase, ALT）、谷草转氨酶（aspartate aminotransferase, AST）和总胆红素（total bilirubin, TBIL）含量分别为（1.48±0.93） U·L^-1、（45.70±19.07） U·L^-1和（0.83±0.39）μmol·L^-1,尿酸（uric acid, UA）和肌苷（creatinine, CR）浓度分别为（11.58±8.80）μmol·L^-1和（15.98±5.12）μmol·L^-1;28项血液生化指标中，葡萄糖（glucose, GLU）、甘油三酯（triglyceride, TG）、总胆固醇（total cholesterol, TC）、低密度脂蛋白（low density lipoprotein cholesterol, LDL-C）、白蛋白（albumin, ALB）、球蛋白（globulin, GLB）、白/球蛋白比（A/G）、总蛋白（total protein, TP）、CR、TBIL、AST、γ-谷胺酰基转移酶（gamma-glutamyltransferase, GGT）、胆碱酯酶（cholinesterase, CHE）、碱性磷酸酶（alkaline phosphatase, ALP）、乳酸脱氢酶（lactate dehydrogenase, LDH）等15项指标变异系数小于0.5;高密度脂蛋白（high density liptein cholesterol, HDL-C）、载脂蛋白B（apolipoprotein B, APO-B）、总胆汁酸（total bile acid, TBA）、尿素氮（blood urea nitrogen BUN）、UA、直接胆红素（direct bilirubin, DBIL）、间接胆红素（indirect bilirubin, IBIL）、ALT、谷草/谷丙转氨酶比（AST/ALT）、α-羟丁酸脱氢酶（α-hydroxybutyrate dehydrogenase, α-HBDH）、肌酸激酶（creatine kinase, CK）、肌酸激酶同工酶（creatine kinase-MB, CK-MB）等12项指标变异系数在0.5～1.0之间；仅载脂蛋白A1 （apolipoprotein A1, APO-A1）的变异系数大于1.0。与淡水养殖的中华鲟生化指标相比，海水养殖条件下的中华鲟血液的ALT、AST和TBIL活性有所降低，揭示其肝脏代谢可能产生了适应性变化；各项血液生化指标变异系数均较大，表明相同年龄不同个体之间血液生化指标的差异较大。研究结果可为海水养殖中华鲟的血液生化指标提供参考，并丰富海水养殖中华鲟血液生化的相关数据。更多还原

【Abstract】 Chinese sturgeon（Acipenser sinensis） has extremely important ecological and scientific value. Due to human interference, its wild population is on the brink of extinction. The life history of Acipenser sinensis is relatively complex, before the closure of the Gezhouba Dam on the Yangtze River, sexually mature individuals entered the Yangtze River Estuary every July to August to begin their anadromous reproductive migration. In October to November of the next year, the spawning colonies migrate to the spawning grounds in Jinsha River section of the upper reaches of the Yangtze River to breed. The spawned larvae drift down with the river water, arrive in the Yangtze River Estuary in June of the next year, stay in the Yangtze River Estuary for about four months to fatten, and then migrate to the sea. After more than 10 years of growth and development in the sea, they reach gonadal maturity, enter the upper reaches of the Yangtze River to breed and repeat the cycle. The marine life history of Acipenser sinensis accounts for approximately 80% of the total life history, therefore, strengthening the protection of the marine life history stage is of great significance for the protection of Acipenser sinensis species.At present, artificial storage is one of the important methods for preserving the species of Acipenser sinensis, and freshwater aquaculture technology has formed a relatively mature technical system. However, current research on the Acipenser sinensis living in seawater is very limited, with only some reports on its feeding habits and population distribution. Research on the aquaculture of Acipenser sinensis in seawater is almost blank.This experiment aims to further understand the physiological status of Acipenser sinensis under seawater storage conditions by studying the blood biochemical indicators of its reserve parents under seawater aquaculture conditions, providing basic data for biological research and “land sea land relay aquaculture” of Acipenser sinensis.In order to explore the physiological status of reserve parents of Acipenser sinensis under seawater aquaculture conditions, 28 blood biochemical indicators of 13 reserve parents of Acipenser sinensis cultured in seawater for 5 years were measured. The results showed that the contents of alanine transaminase（ALT）, aspartate transaminase（AST） and total bilirubin（TBIL） in the blood of Acipenser sinensis were（1.48±0.93） U·L^-1,（45.70±19.07） U·L^-1 and（0.83±0.39） umol·L^-1, uric acid（UA） and creatine（CR） were（11.58±8.80） umol·L^-1 and（15.98±5.12） umol·L^-1; among 28 blood biochemical indicators, the coefficient of variation of 15 indicators such as glucose（GLU）, triglycerides（TG）, total cholesterol（TC）, low density lipoprotein cholesterol（LDL-C）, albumin（ALB）, globulin（GLB）, white to globulin ratio（A/G）, total protein（TP）, CR, TBIL, AST, gamma-glutamyltransferase（GGT）, cholinesterase（CHE）, alkaline phosphatase（ALP）, lactate dehydrogenase（LDH） was less than 0.5, and the coefficient of variation of 12 indicators such as high-density lipoprotein（HDL-C）, apolipoprotein B（APO-B）, total bile acid（TBA）, blood urea nitrogen（BUN）, UA direct bilirubin（DBIL）, indirect bilirubin（IBIL）, ALT, AST/ALT, α-Hydroxybutyrate dehydrogenase（α-HBDH）, creatine kinase（CK）, and creatine kinase MB（CK-MB） ranged from 0.5 to 1.0, with only apolipoprotein A1（APO-A1） having a coefficient of variation greater than 1.0. Compared with the biochemical indicators of Acipenser sinensis cultured in freshwater, the activities of ALT, AST, and TBIL in the blood of Acipenser sinensis cultured under seawater conditions decreased, indicating that its liver metabolism might have undergone adaptive changes. The coefficient of variation of blood biochemical indicators was relatively large, indicating that there were significant differences in blood biochemical indicators between individuals of the same age. This study provides a reference range for the blood biochemical indicators of maricultured Acipenser sinensis, and enriches the relevant data on blood biochemistry of Acipenser sinensis cultured in seawater.更多还原