【摘要】 为了解东黄海区域内日本鲭（Scomber japonicus）的资源动态，利用1980—2019年东黄海日本鲭渔业统计产量、机轮围网平均单位船组年产量（CPUE）和生物学测定数据，对该群体捕捞产量、资源量指数和群体结构之间的年代际变动关系进行了研究。结果表明：东黄海各年代日本鲭的平均产量以20世纪80年代最低，21世纪10年代最高为42.39×10⁴ t,随着年代的推移表现出持续增加的趋势，其中东海区持续增加，黄渤海区先增加后降低。机轮围网平均CPUE前期在波动中上升，至1999年达到高峰值3 776.00 t·单位船组^-1,其后呈下降的趋势；20世纪80年代为1 954.60 t·单位船组^-1,20世纪90年代升高至2 839.80 t·单位船组^-1, 21世纪00年代又急剧降低至1 701.10 t·单位船组^-1,21世纪10年代继续降低为1 372.00 t·单位船组^-1。日本鲭的平均叉长、平均体质量和优势叉长组均随年代的推移表现出持续减小的趋势：平均叉长从1982年的337.15 mm减小为2009年的309.67 mm,到2019年再继续减小至265.90 mm;平均体质量从1982年的547.21 g减小为2009年425.55 g,其后到2019年又减小至226.40 g;优势叉长组从1982年的320～360 mm减小为2009年的290～330 mm,然后到2019年继续减小至250～280 mm。20世纪80—90年代，机轮围网平均CPUE可以作为指示日本鲭捕捞产量变化的依据，但21世纪以后已经不能作为判断日本鲭捕捞产量变化的依据。日本鲭捕捞产量维持在高位水平是捕捞强度的增加造成的，而非其自身资源量的增加所致。建议今后从科学层面建立日本鲭综合评价指数，合理评估资源量，在此基础上提出每年的最大可持续产量；渔业管理层面，建议在特定水域设立日本鲭种质资源保护区，同时制定针对日本鲭不同生长阶段的管理措施，尽快出台日本鲭总可捕量（total allowable catch, TAC）管理制度，达到资源可持续开发利用的目的。更多还原

【Abstract】 Scomber japonicus is one of the most important pelagic fishes along the coast of China. The resources in the East China Sea and Yellow Sea are relatively large, so it has become an important marine economic fish and a key fishing species in China. After the 1980s, with the decline of China’s demersal fish resources, the fishing output of Scomber japonicus, began to rise continuously. With the increase of fishing intensity, from the late 1990s, Scomber japonicus in the East China Sea and Yellow Sea has shown a significant reduction in resources, younger populations, and large fluctuations in catches. Purse seine operation is the most important operation method for Scomber japonicus fishing in the East China Sea and Yellow Sea in the 20th century. Its catch yield and average annual production per group vessel(CPUE) are closely related to the total annual catch of Scomber japonicus. The composition of the population structure of Scomber japonicus feeding stocks in autumn is of great significance to its resources and fishing yield. In order to understand the resource dynamics of Scomber japonicus and to provide scientific basis for reasonable assessment of Scomber japonicus resource in the East China Sea and Yellow Sea, and for determining the maximum sustainable yield and implementing TAC management, based on the fishery statistics, CPUE and biological data of Scomber japonicul in the East China Sea and Yellow Sea during 1980—2019, this paper presented a survey of the fishery yield of Scomber japonicus in the East China Sea and Yellow Sea, the inter-decadal variation of the catch yield, the resource index and the population structure were studied. The research results showed that the average yield of Scomber japonicus in the East China Sea and Yellow Sea was 13.09×10~4 t in the 1980s and 42.39×10~4 t in the 2010s, showing a continuous increase trend. The change trend of the fishing yield in the East China Sea is basically the same as that of the total yield in the East China Sea and Yellow Sea. It was less than 10×10~4 t in the early 1980s, and reached a peak of 37.75×10~4 t in 2011. The average output of each decade showed a continuous increasing trend from the 1980s to the 2010s. The annual fluctuation trend of fishing yield in the Yellow Sea was large, the lowest in 1985 was only 0.52×10~4 t, the highest in 2008 was 25.20×10~4 t, and the downward trend was obvious after that, and the yield in the past three years was less than 10×10~4 t. In the 1900s, the average output of each generation showed a trend of rapid increase, from 3.14×10~4 t to 14.19×10~4 t, but in the 2010s it dropped to 10.30×10~4 t.The average CPUE of purse seine started from 853 t per group vessel in 1980, and then rose in fluctuation, reaching a peak value of 3 776 t per group vessel in 1999, and dropped sharply to 1 363 t per group vessel in 2000. In 2008 the small peak of the 21st century was 2 751 t per group vessel, during which it decreased to the lowest value of only 835 t per group vessel in 2012, then rose to 1 751 t per group in 2018, and rapidly decreased to 2 019.790 t per group vessel. According to the average CPUE change of each decade, the earlier period was higher and the later period was lower, with the highest in the 1990s, the second in the 1980s, the lowest in the 2010s. According to the main biological characteristics of the bait population of Scomber japonicas in autumn in the southern Yellow Sea, the mean fork length, mean body weight and dominant fork length groups all showed a continuous decreasing trend with the passage of years, and the decreasing speed showed an accelerating trend. The average fork length decreased from 337.15 mm in 1982 to 309.67 mm in 2009, and then continued to decrease to 265.90 mm in 2019; the average body weight decreased from 547.21 g in 1982 to 425.55 g in 2009, and then to 226.40 g in 2019; the dominant fork length group was reduced from 320-360 mm in 1982 to 290-330 mm in 2009, and then continued to be reduced to 250-280 mm in 2019. The average CPUE of purse seine could be used as an index to indicate the change of the yield of Scomber japonicus in the 1980s and 1990s, but it could not be used to judge the change of the yield of Scomber japonicus after the 21st century. The high level of Scomber japonicus yield was due to the increase of fishing intensity. As the main economic fish in the East China Sea and Yellow Sea, it is very necessary to scientifically manage Scomber japonicus to achieve sustainable utilization of resources. It is recommended to establish a comprehensive evaluation index of Scomber japonicus from a scientific level in the future, to reasonably evaluate the resources, and to propose the maximum sustainable annual yield on this basis. At the fishery management level, it is recommerded to set up a Scomber japonicus germplasm resource reserve in specific waters, to formulate a specific area for Scomber japonicus and to apply management measures for different growth stages, and Scomber japonicus TAC management system should be introduced as soon as possible.更多还原