【摘要】 枸杞产业已成为青藏高原的优势产业，但存在氮肥利用率低、环境污染等问题。适当施用氮肥和硝化抑制剂是减少氮肥气态损失、提高氮肥利用率和降低温室气体排放的有效途径。为探讨枸杞栽培的适宜施肥方式，于2020年在柴达木盆地青海诺木洪农场，以11年生宁杞1号为试验材料开展田间试验，设置4个处理：N₂₆₇、N₁₃₃处理分别施用纯氮267、133 kg·hm^-2,N₂₆₇I_1.33、N₁₃₃I_0.67处理分别在N₂₆₇、N₁₃₃处理施氮量的基础上配施硝化抑制剂—2-氯-6（三氯甲基）-吡啶（nitrapyrin）1.33、0.67 kg·hm^-2，研究施氮量和2-氯-6（三氯甲基）-吡啶对施用的¹⁵N-尿素在枸杞-土壤系统去向的影响。结果表明，N₂₆₇I_1.33处理枸杞全株的干物质量、吸氮量和植株¹⁵N累积量（Ndfa）均最高，较N₂₆₇处理分别提高了25.04%、30.17%、1.96%。秋果期及休眠前期N₂₆₇I_1.33处理的0～200 cm土层¹⁵N残留量较其他处理分别增加了73.89%～122.47%、80.33%～165.86%。N₂₆₇处理的¹⁵N损失率最高，较N₂₆₇I_1.33处理提高了4.25个百分点，N₁₃₃I_0.67处理的¹⁵N损失率最低，较其余处理降低了2.08～10.29个百分点。N₂₆₇I_1.33处理的总产量最高，较其他处理提高了5.00%～9.48%。综上，267 kg N·hm^-2配施2-氯-6（三氯甲基）-吡啶1.33 kg·hm^-2可提高枸杞产量、植株吸氮量和土壤氮残留量，相同施氮量配施硝化抑制剂有利于提高枸杞生育后期土壤中的¹⁵N-尿素残留量进而降低土壤氮损失，是提高柴达木地区高肥力枸杞园氮肥利用率的推荐组合。本研究结果可为柴达木地区枸杞合理施肥提供科学依据。更多还原

【Abstract】 Wolfberry production has become a major agro-industry on the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau,but there are some problems such as low nitrogen utilization rate and environmental pollution.Appropriate N inputs with nitrification inhibitor are beneficial for reducing N loss,improving N use efficiency and mitigating GHG emissions.In order to explore the suitable fertilization method of wolfberry cultivation,the experiment in Qinghai Nuomuhong Farm was conducted in Qaidam in 2020,using 11-year-Ningqi 1 as the experimental material,setting four treatments (N₂₆₇ 267 kg N·hm^-2;N₁₃₃ 133 kg N·hm^-2;N₂₆₇I_1.33 267 kg N·hm^-2 combined with 1.33kg nitrapyrin·hm^-2;N₁₃₃I_0.67 133 kg N·hm^-2 combined with 0.67 kg nitrapyrin·hm^-2),which aimed to estimate the effect of N application rate and nitrapyrin on the fate of ¹⁵N-urea in wolfberry-soil system.Our results indicated that N₂₆₇I_1.33 maximized dry matter accumulation,N uptake and plant ¹⁵N accumulation （Ndfa）,which was 25.04%,30.17%and 1.96%higher than N₂₆₇,respectively.Compared with other treatments,the soil ¹⁵N residues in 0-200 cm soil layer of N₂₆₇I_1.33 increased by 73.89%～122.47%in autumn fruiting period,and 80.33%～165.86%in dormancy period.N₂₆₇ treatment resulted in the highest ¹⁵N loss rate,which was4.25 percentage points higher than that of N₂₆₇I_1.33,while the ¹⁵N loss rate of N₁₃₃I_0.67 was the lowest,2.08～10.29 percentage points lower than that of other treatments.The fruit yield of N₂₆₇I_1.33 was the highest,which was 5.00%～9.48%higher than other treatments.In conclusion,the addition of nitrapyrin is beneficial for improving the ¹⁵N-urea residue and reducing soil N loss in later stage of wolfberry growth.The combination of267 kg N·hm^-2 with 1.33 kg nitrapyrin·hm^-2 could obtain the highest fruit yield of wolfberry,plant N uptake and soil N residue,which was the recommendation of N application in high-fertility wolfberry orchard in Qaidam.The results of this study provide a scientific basis for rational fertilization wolfberry production in Qaidam.更多还原