【摘要】 为了有效防控棉田杂草，对益阳市棉花主产区的杂草种类、危害情况及化学防治现状进行了调查。结果表明：益阳市棉田主要杂草有11科、21种，禾本科、菊科和苋科杂草分别有5、5和3种，占比分别为23.81%、23.81%和14.29%，其他8科杂草每科均只有1种；相对多度超过10%的杂草有8种，其中铁苋菜、牛筋草、香附子、稗草和节节草的相对多度分别为58.10%、47.43%、35.44%、33.26%和24.58%，为益阳市棉田杂草的优势种群；发生面最广的杂草是铁苋菜，田间相对频度为18.92%，其次是牛筋草和稗草；禾本科杂草以牛筋草发生量最大、莎草科杂草以香附子发生量最大，田间相对密度分别为11.66%和26.88%；益阳市棉田难防恶性杂草主要是铁苋菜、牛筋草、香附子等，使用的除草剂主要是草甘膦和草铵膦，棉田杂草的防控存在用药量过大、盲目用药等问题。更多还原

【Abstract】 The reversed "W" nine-point sampling method was adopted to systematically investigate weed species, harm and chemical control status in the main cotton producing areas of Yiyang City. The results showed that the common weeds in the Yiyang cotton producing area belonged to 11 families and 21 species, among which 5 species were in Gramineae, 5 species in Asteraceae and 3 species in Amaranthaceae, respectively accounting for 23.81%, 23.81% and 14.29% of the total, on the other hand, there was only one species of weed in the other eight families each. There were 8 species of weeds with relative abundance of more than 10%, among which copperleaf(Acalypha australis), goosegrass(Eleusine indica), nut grass(Cyperus rotundus), barnyard grass(Echinochloa crusgalli), and branched horsetail(Equisetum ramosissimum) were the dominant weeds in the cotton production area of Yiyang, with relative abundance of 58.10%,47.43%, 35.44%, 33.26% and 24.58%, respectively. The most widespread weed was copperleaf with a relative frequency of 18.92% in Yiyang cotton fields, followed by goosegrass and barnyard grass. Goosegrass occurred mostly in Gramineae with a relative frequency of 11.66%, and nut grass had the most occurrence in Cyperaceae with a relative frequency of 26.88%. Copperleaf, goosegrass and nut grass were the malignant weeds that were difficult to control in cotton fields of Yiyang. Herbicides used were mainly glyphosate and glufosinate ammonium. Some problems like excessive and blind use of herbicides existed in the prevention and control of weeds in cotton fields.更多还原