【摘要】 为探寻高效的人参果多倍体诱导条件，以“圆果”为供试品种，以0.02%的氨磺灵溶液为诱变剂，考察不同处理时间（3、6、9、12 h）对人参果组培苗死亡率和变异情况的影响，以变异植株的形态指标、叶片气孔状态和染色体倍性为指标确定最佳处理时间。结果表明：当氨磺灵浓度为0.02%时，随着处理时间的延长，人参果组培苗的死亡率逐渐增加，而变异率逐渐降低；以处理3 h的组培苗死亡率最低，为20%，变异率最高，为58.33%；经计算，0.02%的氨磺灵溶液对人参果“圆果”组培苗的半致死时间为19.40 h；在试验设置的处理时间（3～12 h）内，获得的变异植株呈现出植株矮小、茎段增粗、节间缩短、叶片大且增厚、颜色较深、根增粗、出现变形叶、气孔较二倍体大、单位面积上气孔数量变少等特征；经流式细胞仪分析初步判定变异植株为多倍体。综合结果表明，在0.02%氨磺灵溶液中浸泡3 h，诱导人参果“圆果”组培苗产生多倍体新种质的效果最好。更多还原

【Abstract】 This study aims to explore the conditions for oryzalin efficiently inducing polyploidy of Solanum muricatum Aiton. The tissue culture seedlings of S. muricatum ’Yuanguo’ were soaked in 0.02% oryzalin solution for 3 h, 6 h, 9 h and 12 h, respectively. The mortality and variation rate were counted, and the morphological indicators, leaf stomata status and chromosome ploidy of the mutant plants were detected so as to determine the optimal soaking time. The results showed that when the concentration of oryzalin was 0.02%,with the prolongation of soaking time, the mortality of the tissue culture seedlings gradually increased, but the variation rate gradually decreased. The highest variation rate of 58.33% and the lowest mortality of 20% were achieved after soaking for 3 h. The half-lethal time(LT50) of the mutants induced by 0.02% oryzalin was 19.40 h. Within the set treatment time periods(3-12 h), the obtained mutants were mainly characterized by short plants, thicker stems, shorter internodes, larger and thicker leaves, darker color, thicker roots,deformed leaves, larger stomata, and fewer stomata per unit area compared with the diploids’. The mutant strains were identified as polyploid by flow cytometry. In sum, soaking the stem with buds in 0.02% oryzalin solution for 3 h had the best effect on inducing the polyploidy of S. muricatum ’Yuanguo’.更多还原