【摘要】 地下水位波动会引起毛细水带范围与性质的变化，这会对地表水入渗、溶质运移产生影响，探明其影响规律及原因对污染物扩散模拟、污染修复等具有重要意义.基于开发的地表溶液入渗可视化试验平台，在砂槽中填充15 cm的粗砂后再填充25 cm中砂，分别控制水位至25、20、12 cm，对水位下降时地表水入渗情况进行动态观测，分析了溶质浓度、轮廓位移矢量、特征点位移的变化规律.试验结果表明：溶质在毛细水带上边缘处的浓度普遍较高；毛细水带对地表水的入渗有阻滞作用，水位若在中砂范围内下降，阻滞入渗的边界也随之下降，但水位下降至粗砂范围内时产生的悬挂毛细水带的阻滞作用不明显；地表水在通过非饱和带、原毛细水带、悬挂毛细水带这三个区域时的扩散速率不同.更多还原

【Abstract】 The fluctuation of groundwater level can cause changes in the range and properties of capillary water zones,which will have impacts on surface water infiltration and solute transport. Exploring the patterns and causes of their effects is of great significance for simulating pollutant diffusion and pollution remediation. Based on the developed visualization test platform for surface solution infiltration,a sand tank was filled with 15 cm of coarse sand first and then was filled with 25 cm of medium sand. The water level was controlled to 25,20 and 12 cm,respectively. The dynamic observation of surface water infiltration was conducted when the water level decreased,and the changes in solute concentration,contour displacement vector and feature point displacement were analyzed.The experimental results indicate that the solute concentration is generally higher at the upper edge of the capillary water zone. The capillary water zone has a blocking effect on the infiltration of surface water. If the water level drops within the range of medium sand,the boundary that blocks infiltration also decreases. However,the blocking effect of the suspended capillary water zone when the water level drops to the range of coarse sand is not significant. The diffusion rate of surface water through unsaturated zone,original capillary water zone and suspended capillary water zone is different.更多还原