【摘要】 目的 调查无锡市5～6岁学龄前儿童遗尿症(nocturnal enuresis, NE)患病率及影响因素，为当地儿童NE的治疗提供依据。方法 选择2018年无锡地区省级、市一级和市二级幼儿园各随机抽取两所，选取中大班5～6岁组学龄前儿童为研究对象，通过问卷调查获得NE的流行病学资料和影响因素。问卷内容包括儿童基本情况、出生史、既往病史、共患病和家庭因素等。使用多因素非条件Logistic回归分析进行数据分析。结果 5～6岁儿童NE的患病率为13.8%,男童患病率为16.40%,女童患病率为11.15%。155例患儿中曾到医院就诊仅12例，且均未接受治疗。性别、夜间不用尿布、第几胎、既往史和年收入、家族史为NE的影响因素。其中，夜间尿布使用越久、胎次越多、有既往史(脑外伤、脑炎、癫痫、出生至3岁发育迟缓)、有遗传家族史为危险因素，性别为女性、年收入越高为保护因素。结论 5～6岁NE患病率较高，诸多因素会影响NE的发生发展，需早诊断、早干预；NE容易共患学龄前注意缺陷多动障碍(attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, ADHD),会严重影响疾病预后，需早期警惕和防治。更多还原

【Abstract】 Objective To investigate prevalence and influence of the children aged 5 to 6 with nocturnal enuresis(NE) in Wuxi city, so as to provide epidemiological basis. Methods A total of 2 kindergartens were randomly selected each from provincial, municipal first-level and municipal second-level kindergartens in Wuxi area in 2018. Children aged 5-6 in middle and large classes were selected as objects of study. Epidemiological data and influencing factors of NE were obtained by questionnaire survey. The basic situation of children, birth history, anamnesis, co-morbidity and family factors were included in the questionnaire contents. The data analysis was analyzed by multivariate unconditional Logistic regression analysis. Results The prevalence of NE was 13.8% among children aged 5-6 years, 16.40% in boys and 11.15% in girls. Among the 155 NE children, only 12 children had visited the doctor in the hospital, and none had received treatment. Gender, no diapers at night, number of fetus, anamnesis, annual income and genetic disorders were the influencing factors of enuresis. Among them, the longer diapers used at night, the more births, the anamnesis(brain trauma, encephalitis, epilepsy, birth to 3-year-old developmental delay) and genetic disorders were risk factors. Gender as female and higher annual income were protective factors. Conclusion The prevalence of NE in children aged 5-6 is high. Many factors can affect the occurrence and development of NE, so early diagnosis and early intervention are needed. NE is prone to coexist with preschool attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, which will seriously affect the prognosis of the disease, so early vigilance and prevention are needed.更多还原