【摘要】 以轻金属和复合材料为代表的新型航空航天结构材料在中应变率环境下的动态力学行为和相关失效机理研究受到越来越多的关注。为了充分探究新型结构材料性能与应变率之间的对应关系，在电磁铆接系统的基础上研发了一种可以实现中应变率动态拉伸测试的新型试验系统，为金属和复合材料及其连接结构进行动态性能测试提供了一种科学高效的试验方法。首先介绍了电磁加载装置的基本原理和功能特点，分别对加载系统、控制系统和数据采集系统进行了详细说明；其次介绍了动态加载测试过程不同参数下对应力学响应的变化及其重复试验下的一致性结果，进而验证了整个测试系统的稳定性和可靠性；最后采用该系统测试了不同应变率下2024–T6铝合金的力学特性。测试结果表明，电磁加载动态拉伸测试系统可以准确地反映出应变率变化对2024–T6铝合金性能的影响，这为新型航空材料进行服役环境下的结构安全性研究提供了有力的技术支撑。更多还原

【Abstract】 The research on dynamic mechanical behavior and related failure mechanism of new aerospace structural materials, represented by light metal and composites, under the intermediate strain rate environment has attracted more and more attention. To fully explore the corresponding relationship between the performance of new structural materials and strain rates, a novel experimental system that can achieve dynamic tensile testing at medium strain rates has been developed based on the electromagnetic riveting system. This provides a scientific and efficient experimental method for dynamic performance testing of metal and composite materials and their joining structures. The article first introduces the basic principle and functional characteristics of the electromagnetic loading device, and then provides a detailed explanation of the loading system, control system, and data acquisition system; The following mainly introduces the changes in corresponding mechanical responses under different parameters during the dynamic loading test process and the consistent results under repeated tests, thereby verifying the stability and reliability of the entire experimental system; Finally, the mechanical properties of 2024–T6 aluminum alloy under different strain rates were tested using this system. The results of this research show that the electromagnetic loading dynamic tensile testing system can accurately reflect the effect of strain rate changes on the performance of 2024–T6 aluminum alloy, providing strong technical support for the structural safety research of new aviation materials in service environments.更多还原