【摘要】 目的 探究风险预警干预对重症脑梗死患者神经、认知功能、生活质量及预后的影响。方法 选取2020年1月至2022年1月湖北省恩施土家族苗族自治州中心医院收治的86例重症脑梗死患者作为研究对象，随机将其分成对照组和观察组，每组各43例。对照组患者采用常规护理，观察组患者采用风险预警干预模式进行护理，前瞻性地对护理期间风险因素进行科学评估，对高风险因素进行针对性的预防和干预，护理时间为2个月。记录2组患者的临床疗效指标，采用简易精神状态量表（mini-mental state exam, MMSE）和美国国立卫生院卒中量表（National Institutes of Health stroke scale, NIHSS）对患者神经功能、认知功能进行评估，采用生活质量指数评定量表（quality of life index, QOL）对患者的生活质量进行评估，记录护理过程中患者发生的不良反应。结果 观察组患者的肢体功能恢复时间、意识恢复时间、住院时间均短于对照组患者，差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）；护理后观察组患者的NIHSS评分低于对照组，MMSE评分高于对照组，QOL各项评分均高于对照组，差异均有统计学意义（P<0.05）；观察组患者的感染、应激性溃疡、失禁相关性皮炎、误吸、关节痉挛等各项不良反应发生率明显低于对照组，差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）。结论 对重症脑梗死患者采用风险预警干预，能显著改善患者的神经功能和认知功能，促进病情恢复，降低不良反应发生率，提高生活质量，改善预后。该护理干预具有重要的临床应用价值。更多还原

【Abstract】 Objective To explore the effects of risk early warning intervention on the neurological and cognitive functions, quality of life and prognosis of the patients with severe cerebral infarction.Methods 86 patients with severe cerebral infarction admitted to the Central Hospital of Enshi Tujia and Miao Autonomous Prefecture in Hubei Province were enrolled as research subjects and were randomly divided into the control and observation groups, each consisting of 43. The patients in the control group received routine nursing, while the patients in the observation group were treated with risk early warning intervention. Risk factors were retrospectively and scientifically evaluated during nursing for a period of 2 months, and targeted prevention and intervention measures were taken against high-risk factors. Clinical efficacy indicators were recorded for the patients of the two groups. The mini-mental state exam(MMSE) and the National Institutes of Health stroke scale(NIHSS) were used to evaluate the neurological and cognitive functions of the patients. The quality of life index(QOL) was used to evaluate the life quality of the patients and adverse reactions of the patients were recorded during nursing.Results The recovery time of the limb function, recovery of consciousness and length of hospitalization in the observation group were significantly shorter than those in the control group(P<0. 05). After nursing, the NIHSS scores of the observation group were significantly lower, while the MMSE scores were much higher, and the QOL scores of various indicators were significantly higher than those of the control group,with statistical difference(P<0. 05). The rates of infection, stress ulcer, incontinence related dermatitis, aspiration, joint spasm and other adverse reactions in the observation group were significantly lower than those in the control group, also with statistical difference(P<0. 05).Conclusion Risk early warning intervention for the patients with severe cerebral infarction could significantly improve the neurological and cognitive functions of the patients, promote recovery of illness, reduce rates of adverse reactions, improve life quality and improve prognosis. Therefore, this nursing intervention is of important clinical application value.更多还原