【摘要】 电弧热力行为是影响液态金属流动，调控焊接质量的关键要素.利用高速摄像与数值模拟相结合的研究方法，系统分析了空心钨极与实心两种电极特征对电弧热力分布特征的影响.结果表明，焊接电流为350 A时，实心钨极焊缝呈现出深而窄的焊缝成形特征，空心钨极焊缝呈现出浅而宽的焊缝成形特征；距试板表面1 mm，实心钨极与空心钨极电弧沿水平方向的温度场和压力场均呈典型高斯分布特征，中心位置处空心钨极电弧的温度值和压力值分别为实心钨极的61.9%和23.5%；中轴线上实心钨极电弧压力分布呈U形特征，空心钨极电弧压力分布呈N形特征；构建的电弧与熔池强耦合分析模型与实际情况之间具有较好的一致性，可实现对电弧和熔池热力行为的分析与预测.更多还原

【Abstract】 The thermodynamics behavior of arc is a key factor affecting the flow of molten pool and welding quality.High-speed photography and numerical simulation were used to systematically analyze the influence of the characteristics of hollow tungsten electrode and solid electrode on the thermal distribution characteristics of arc. The results showed that when the welding current was 350 A, the solid tungsten electrode weld exhibited deep and narrow weld formation characteristics, while the hollow tungsten electrode weld exhibited shallow and wide weld formation characteristics. At a distance of 1 mm from the surface of the test plate, both the temperature and pressure fields along the horizontal direction of the solid tungsten electrode and the hollow tungsten electrode arc exhibit typical Gaussian distribution characteristics, and the temperature and pressure values of the hollow tungsten electrode arc at the center position are 61.9% and 23.5% of those of the solid tungsten electrode, respectively. The pressure distribution of solid tungsten electrode arc on the central axis is Ushaped, while the pressure distribution of hollow tungsten electrode arc is N-shaped. The constructed strong coupling analysis model for arc and molten pool has good consistency with the actual situation, which can used to analyze and forecast the thermodynamics behavior of arc and molten pool.更多还原