【摘要】 原子核是一个由核力主导的量子多体复杂系统，相对容易发生形变、转动振动、裂变、集团共振等整体性变化。过去的三十多年，我们见证了实验室可达的核素版图的迅速扩大，以及在不稳定核研究中的一系列新发现和新突破。典型的例子如晕核及其关联的奇特结构现象、采用消色差磁谱仪实现弱流条件下在束γ谱学测量从而观察不稳定核区壳演化、不稳定核基本性质测量与新幻数、丰富的多核子关联与集团和分子结构等。未来在新的核素版图区域，特别是中重质量丰中子核区，会涉及极端奇特结构、核天体r-过程、攀登超重岛路径等重大科学问题。为了探索这些问题，世界各科技大国都在建设能够产生远离稳定线放射性核束的大科学装置，不稳定核奇特结构的研究也将迎来更大的突破。更多还原

【Abstract】 The nucleus is a quantum many-body complex system governed by the nuclear force, and it is prone to global changes such as deformation, rotation, vibration, fission, and clustering. In the past >30 a, we have witnessed the rapid expansion of the experimentally attainable nuclear chart and new discoveries and breakthroughs in studies on unstable nuclei. Examples include the halo nuclei and the associated exotic structural phenomena, the shell evolution observed using in-beam γ spectroscopy through the application of the achromatic magnetic spectrometer,the measurement of the basic properties of unstable nuclei, and the discovery of new magic numbers and rich phenomena in multi-nucleon correlations along with the formation of clusters and molecules. In the coming years, the expanded area of the nuclear chart—particularly the medium-heavy-mass neutron-rich region—will be the host of extreme exotic structures, the astrophysical r-process, and the reaction pathways to reach the superheavy island.Therefore, many new-generation radioactive ion-beam facilities are under development worldwide, and essential breakthroughs are foreseen.更多还原