【摘要】 从流域降雨径流物理机制出发，选取不同水文气象分区的4个缺资料小流域，基于暴雨衰减公式进行设计降雨过程计算，结合流域下垫面特征推求模型参数，构建流域水文模型实现设计洪水计算，并将水文模型法计算结果与推理公式法进行比较。结果表明：水文模型法得到的设计洪水与推理公式法相似(洪峰、洪量相对误差均不超过30%);水文模型法考虑了土壤下渗能力随着降雨过程的变化情况和流域内各点汇流过程的不确定性；水文模型参数的时空分布不均匀性更加符合流域实际的产汇流规律，提升了复杂情况下设计洪水计算的可靠性。更多还原

【Abstract】 From the perspective of physical mechanism of rainfall-runoff behaviour, three small watersheds in different hydrometeorological regions were selected and the design storms were calculated based on the attenuation formula of rainstorm in this study. According to the characteristics of the underlying surface of the basin, the model parameters were deduced, and the hydrological model was constructed to realize the design flood calculation. The results of using the hydrological model to estimate design floods were compared with those of the reasoning formula method. The results show: the design flood obtained by the hydrological model method is similar to that obtained by the inference formula method, with relative errors of flood peak and flood volume not exceeding 30%; the hydrological model method takes into account the variation of soil infiltration capacity during rainfall processes and the uncertainty of the catchment process at various points within the watershed; the uneven spatiotemporal distribution of hydrological model parameters is more in line with the actual runoff generation and concentration laws of the basin, improving the reliability of design flood calculation in the complex situation.更多还原