【摘要】 锂硫（Li-S）电池因其超高的理论能量密度(2600 Wh·kg^-1)有望成为下一代高能量密度电池的候选者之一。然而，它存在硫利用率低、容量衰减快以及多硫化锂（LiPSs）发生“流失效应”等问题，这使得Li-S电池反应动力学缓慢，严重限制了其实际应用。物理限制、化学吸附等方法可以加速硫、LiPSs和Li2S之间的氧化还原反应，减少LiPSs的流失，加速动力学过程，使电池具有高能量密度和长循环稳定性。基于整体电化学反应过程，对近些年使用的材料如何促进动力学进程、阻止LiPSs的流失，以及相应策略的评价进行了综述，以指导提升电池动力学性能的合理设计和Li-S电池的实际应用。更多还原

【Abstract】 Lithium-sulfur(Li-S) batteries are expected to be one of the candidates for next-generation highenergy-density batteries because of their ultra-high theoretical energy density(2600 Wh·kg-1). However, it suffers from low sulfur utilization, rapid capacity fading, and the “lost effect” of lithium polysulfides(LiPSs). These problems make the reaction kinetics of Li-S batteries sluggish, severely limiting their practical applications.Methods such as physical confinement and chemical adsorption can accelerate the redox reaction between sulfur,LiPSs, and Li2S, reduce the loss of LiPSs, and accelerate the kinetic process, which enable the battery with high energy density and long-cycle stability. Based on the overall electrochemical reaction process, this article reviews how materials used in recent years can facilitate the kinetic process, prevent the loss of LiPSs, and evaluate the corresponding strategies. The purpose of this review is to help guide the rational design of improved battery kinetics and the practical application of Li-S batteries.更多还原