【摘要】 溶菌酶是一种天然的抗菌物质，哺乳动物的乳汁、泪液和唾液等都含有溶菌酶。水牛(Bubalus bubalis)奶比奶牛(Bos taurus)奶含有更多的溶菌酶。水牛溶菌酶基因家族共有16位成员。本研究对水牛溶菌酶基因家族进行了系统分析。结果表明，水牛的溶菌酶基因与奶牛、山羊(Capra hircus)、绵羊(Ovis aries)的亲缘关系近。水牛溶菌酶理化性质分析表明，水牛溶菌酶大部分是碱性的、稳定的、热稳定性好的和亲水的。单核苷酸多态性分析表明，与奶牛溶菌酶相比，水牛溶菌酶基因编码的蛋白质有氨基酸变异和氨基酸序列插入。这些氨基酸的变异和插入可能是水牛溶菌酶与奶牛溶菌酶在抗菌能力上存在差异的原因。水牛乳腺中表达的溶菌酶基因的转录因子结合位点数高于奶牛的，这也可能是水牛乳腺溶菌酶表达量高于奶牛的重要原因。更多还原

【Abstract】 Lysozyme is a natural antibacterial substance that is found in mammalian milk, tears and saliva. The lysozyme content of buffalo(Bubalus bubalis) milk is higher than that of cattle(Bos taurus) milk. There are 16 members of the buffalo lysozyme gene family. This study systematically analyzed the buffalo lysozyme gene family. The results showed that the lysozyme genes of buffalo were closely related to cattle, goat(Capra hircus) and sheep(Ovis aries). Physicochemical properties of buffalo lysozyme showed that most of the buffalo lysozymes were alkaline, stable, heat-resistant and hydrophilic. Single nucleotide polymorphism analysis showed that the protein encoded by buffalo lysozyme gene had amino acid variation and insertion of amino acid sequence compared with cattle. The variation and insertion of these amino acids may be the reason for the difference in antibacterial ability between buffalo lysozyme and cattle lysozyme. The number of transcription factor binding sites of lysozyme gene in buffalo was higher than that in cattle, which might be the important reason why the expression of lysozyme in buffalo mammary gland was higher than that in cattle.更多还原