【摘要】 培养本科生科研素养是当代本科生教育和创新人才教育的重要组成之一。我国高校多采取资助本科生科研项目的方式进行。为了解这一方式如何影响学生未来科研职业发展，本研究以复旦大学的本科生科研资助计划为对象，对该校2000—2017级参加和未参加科研项目的共576名大学生进行了回顾性队列研究。通过对在校生队列样本的分析，发现科研项目对学生在大学阶段从事科研职业的意愿提高23.2%。通过对毕业生队列样本的追踪分析，发现科研项目提升了本科生14.1%的攻读博士概率，以及提升了17.2%的在高校科研岗位就业概率。进一步的机制检验发现本科生科研项目主要通过促进学生对科研的了解和提升科研工作的自我效能感（而不是比同伴更有竞争力）来激发学生投身科研的意愿。更多还原

【Abstract】 Cultivating scientific literacy is one of the important parts of undergraduate education and talent education. Chinese universities have increasingly started to sponsor research projects for undergraduates via Undergraduate Research Training Programs. To understand how such training programs affect the development of undergraduates’ academic careers, we conduct a retrospective cohort study using data from the Undergraduate Research Training Program of Fudan University. A total of 576 students(Grades between 2000 and 2017) who did or did not participate in the university’s Undergraduate Research Training Program were surveyed. This research mainly consists of two studies. Study 1 investigates the cohort of undergraduate students and reveals that the Undergraduate Research Training Program increases the students’ willingness to engage in academic careers by23.2%. Study 2 traces and analyzes the cohort of graduates, and reveals that the Undergraduate Research Training Program(1) increases the probability of students pursuing a doctoral degree upon graduation by 14.1%, and(2)increases the probability of students working in a university or an academic-institution by 17.2%. Further mediation analysis suggests that Undergraduate Research Training Program influences academic career development mainly through increasing students’ self-efficacy in scientific research.更多还原