【摘要】 微生物是人工湿地处理污染物的主要贡献者，通过分析和整理国内外相关文献，总结了脱氮菌、特定污染物降解菌、耐盐菌和低温菌4类功能菌的研究现状，阐述了外源微生物强化技术在人工湿地中的研究进展和应用潜力，并探讨了菌剂直接投加和固定化微生物两种投加方式的研究现状。研究表明，接种外源微生物能够增强人工湿地的脱氮效果，提高人工湿地对特殊污染物的降解能力，并改善人工湿地在极端环境中功能受阻等问题。建议未来重点在高效降解菌的筛选与应用、外源微生物投加方式的优化、外源微生物强化人工湿地净化功能的长期运行效果以及外源菌种引入人工湿地的生态安全等方面开展研究，进一步提高人工湿地对废水中污染物的去除能力，完善微生物强化人工湿地净化功能技术体系。更多还原

【Abstract】 Microorganisms are the main contributors for pollutant removal in constructed wetlands(CWs). Based on the analysis and collation of domestic and foreign papers, recent research about four kinds of functional bacterium i.e. denitrifying bacteria, pollutant-degrading bacteria, halophilic bacteria and psychrotrophic bacteria were reviewed in this paper. The research progress and application potential of introducing exogenous microbial for intensifying the pollutant treatment function of CWs were analyzed. Moreover, the effects of exogenous microbial dosing methods(i. e. direct dosing bacteria and immobilized microorganisms) on the treatment performance of CWs were also discussed in detail.Bioaugmentation can not only enhance the degradation of nitrogen and specific pollutants in CWs, but also improve the operation efficiency of CWs under severe environmental conditions. In order to enhance the removal efficiency of pollutants in CWs and complete the relative technology system to intensify CWs water pollution treatment function by microorganisms, the following four aspects were recommended for future research:(1) the screening and application of high-efficiency degrading bacteria;(2) the optimization of the dosing methods for bacterial agents;(3) the evaluation of exogenous microorganism intensified CWs on long-term efficiency; and(4) the ecological safety assessment of exogenous strains to CWs.更多还原